OLINDA, MARQUIS DE. 



OREGON. 



SOU 



of tho hills is nearly the same as that found on 

 the banks of the Mohican, one hundred miles 

 u i'-: ; tin. 1 average dip in this interval being 

 i:i.t more than three feet to the mile. 



In the southeastern district, Prof. An- 

 drews reports his explorations to have deter- 

 mined the extent and richness of the coal- 

 fields to far surpass the highest estimate pre- 

 viously formed ; that there arc iron-ores suffi- 

 cient to last for many generations to come; 

 that the amount of brine is practically limit- 

 less, and could supply tho nation with salt for 

 an indefinite period ; that the yield of petro- 

 leum for the year has been from 85,000 to 90,- 

 000 barrels, nearly all of light oil for refining ; 

 that the supply of excellent building-stone is 

 unlimited, and that limestone, fire-clay, and 

 potter's clay, are in great abundance. 



OLINDA, PEDRO DE ABANJO LIMA, Marquis 

 de, a Brazilian statesman, born in Pernam- 

 buco, Brazil, in 1790 ; died in Rio Janeiro, June 

 7, 1870. His education was carried on in the 

 city of Pernambuco until of age to go to the 

 Portuguese University of Coimbra, where he 

 graduated in law. In 1821 he was elected a 

 member, from Brazil, of the Constituent As- 

 sembly of Portugal, and upon the separation 

 of Brazil from the mother-country was elected 

 by his native province to the Constituent As- 

 sembly of Brazil, in 1823, from which time 

 until his death he represented the province as 

 Deputy or Senator. He took at once a high 

 rank among political men, and was President 

 of the Chamber of Deputies in 1825 and 1827, 

 and from 1831 to 1837, excepting the year 1834. 

 In the last of those years he was chosen as 

 Senator for Pernambuco, and was appointed 

 Regent of the Empire twice during the minor- 

 ity of Dom Pedro II., the second time by elec- 

 tion. In 1823, 1827, 1832, and 1837, he was 

 Minister of State, and, after the liberals had 

 obtained the declaration in 1840 of the Em- 

 peror's majority at the age of fourteen years, 

 Sr. Aranjo Lima, made Visconde de Olinda in 

 1841, organized the cabinets of September, 

 1848, May, 1857, May, 1862, and May, 1865. 

 In 1854 he was elevated to the rank of mar- 

 quis. He was officer of the Cruzeiro and Grand 

 Cross of the Order of Christ in Brazil, in addi- 

 tion to which he belonged to the Legion of 

 Honor in France, the St. Stephen, of Hungary, 

 the St. Maurice, and St. Lazarus, of Italy, and 

 the Medjidie, of Turkey. The Marquis de Olin- 

 da, as a statesman, was noted for his tolerance 

 in politics, and from this cause, and from his 

 great experience, he had for many years been 

 looked upon by public men as the Nestor of 

 politicians, to whose opinions and advice all 

 were willing to pay deference and respect. 

 As a member of the Council of State, to which 

 he was nominated in 1842, he was hardwork- 

 ing, calm, and logical, and his spirit will long 

 continue to pervade almost every branch of 

 public administration, so numerous have been 

 the decisions of doubtful points, and the 

 other questions of importance which under the 



Brazilian system are referred to the Council 

 of State. Notwithstanding his advanced age, 

 the old statesman never laid aside his harness, 

 and even on the evening before his death ho 

 took his usual seat within the Senate. As a 

 party man he was essentially a moderate liberal ; 

 out in one respect he diverged from the gen- 

 eral views of the liberal party in regard to 

 slavery, he was opposed to any direct legisla- 

 tion to emancipate the slaves; yet, two or 

 three years ago, he liberated a considerable 

 nnrnber of slaves whom he had inherited by 

 his sister's death. 



OREGON. The State of Oregon contains 

 95,274 square miles of territory, extending 

 350 miles in length from east to west, and 275 

 miles in width from north to south. The pop- 

 ulation in 1870 was 90,878, while in 1860 it 

 was 52,465, and in 1850 only 13,294. 



The following is the Federal census of Ore- 

 gon, taken in the years 1860 and 1870 : 



Portland, the principal city, has 8,293 in- 

 habitants. 



The State is known to have considerable 

 mineral wealth, though it has thus far not 

 been developed except in a few localities. 

 Gold-mining operations have been carried on 

 to some extent for several years, and valuable 

 deposits of coal have been discovered at Coos 

 Bay. The soil and climate are well adapted to 

 agricultural industry, and salmon and other 

 fisheries are of considerable value. The fol- 

 lowing figures, indicating the agricultural ca- 

 pacity of the State with its present working 

 power, are taken from tho latest authentic re- 

 ports, those of 1869 : 



There were also 75,000 tons of hay raised, 

 valued at $637,500. The entire value of do 



