PRIM, DON JUAN. 



finl in the overthrow of the imperial dynasty. 

 lint, two days after his arrival in New York, 

 war was declared with Germany. From this 

 moment u gloom which lie could not shake oft' 

 settled upon his spirit, ho reproached himself 

 ilia' he had accepted office, felt that he was 

 u n tit tod for the groat responsibilities which 

 the war would throw upon him, and at length 

 in the early morning of the 20th of July, in a 

 fit of temporary insanity, put an end to his 

 existence. 



M. Prevost-Paradol was elected in April, 

 1865, a member of the French Academy as a 

 successor of M. Ampere, and was publicly re- 

 ceived by M. Guizot in March, 1866. Besides 

 the books to which we have already referred, 

 his published works were: "Review of Uni- 

 versal History," 1854, and many editions since ; 

 "The Place of the Family in Education," 1857, 

 a work crowned by the Academy of Moral 

 Sciences; "On Liberty of Worship in France," 

 1858; "Essays on Politics and Literature," 

 three series, 1859, 1862, and 1868; "On Par- 

 liamentary Government; the Decree of the 

 24th of November," 1860 ; " Two Letters on 

 the Reform of the Penal Code," 1862; "Elisa- 

 beth and Henry IV.," 1862; "Some Pages of 

 Contemporaneous History," four series, 1862, 

 1864, and 1866 ; "Studies on the French Mor- 

 alists," 1864; "New France," 1868, a work 

 which attracted great attention. He was also 

 one of the Committee of Five, appointed by 

 the French Academy in 1867, to superintend a 

 new edition of the " Historical Dictionary of 

 the French Language." 



PRIM, Don JUAN, Count de Reus, Marquis 

 de los Castillejos, a Spanish general, statesman, 

 diplomatist, and revolutionist, Marshal and 

 Grandee of Spain, Captain-General of the 

 Armies of Spain, Minister of War, and Pres- 

 ident of the Council, born at Reus (Catalo- 

 nia), December 6, 1814 ; assassinated in Madrid, 

 December 31, 1870. He entered the army at 

 an early age, and made his first campaign as an 

 officer in the civil war which followed the ac- 

 cession of Isabella II. to the throne of Spain in 

 1833. Ho supported the cause of the Queen- 

 mother, Maria Christina, at that time Regent, 

 and was in 1837 promoted to the rank of 

 colonel. When she fled from Spam he associ- 

 ated himself with the party of Progresistas in 

 their opposition to the government of Espar- 

 tero, and, having been accused of complicity in 

 the insurrection of Saragossa in 1842, he took 

 refuge in France, where he assisted the Queen- 

 mother in her intrigues to bring about a resto- 

 ration. ' In 1843 he was elected to the Cortes 

 from Barcelona, and in May of the same year 

 headed an insurrection in his native city of 

 Reus, whence he was speedily driven by 

 one of Espartero's officers, and took refuge 

 in Barcelona. The revolution of 1843 resulting 

 in the overthrow of Espartero, placed the 

 Queen-mother in power, and Prim was re- 

 warded with the rank of general, the title of 

 Count de Rons, and the post of Governor of 

 VOL. x. 40 A 



Madrid. This good fortune was, however, of 

 short duration. Having undertaken to sup- 

 press an insurrection in Barcelona, he em- 

 ployed his troops in such a manner as to keep 

 Catalonia in revolt for an entire year. This 

 rendered him unpopular, and ho was disgraced 

 by the Queen, who was adverse to him on ac- 

 count of his liberal sentiments. In October of 

 the same year he was tried for high-treason, 

 and complicity in an attempt to assassinate 

 Narvaez. He vindicated himself sucpessfully 

 from the latter accusation, but was found guilty 

 of treason, and was sentenced to six years' im- 

 prisonment. In six months, however, he was 

 released through the influence of his mother, 

 and, for the nine years following, remained 

 aloof from public life. In 1853, on the out- 

 break of the Russo-Turkish War, he availed 

 himself of it to regain his former notoriety. 

 He joined the Ottoman army, on the Danube, 

 and rendered valuable service at Ottenizta, and 

 at the vigorous defence of Silistria. He re- 

 turned the following year to Spain, and pub- 

 lished an account of his military experience in 

 the East, together with an historical essay on 

 the Turkish Empire. 



Prim now returned to political life, and 

 served in the Cortes until the hostilities against 

 Morocco, in 1859, called him to the field. In 

 this war he was at first in command of a divi- 

 sion of reserved troops, but subsequently per- 

 formed a brilliant part in various battles, and 

 notably at Marabout. He received for his ser- 

 vices the title of Marquis de los Castillejos, and 

 was made Grandee of Spain in January, 1861. 

 His next important act was to join, in 1862, 

 the French and English in Mexico, at the head 

 of a division of Spanish troops. However, on 

 discovering Napoleon's designs, he refused, on 

 his own responsibility, to cooperate in the in- 

 vasion, reSmbarked his troops at Vera Cruz, 

 and transferred them to Cuba. Thence he 

 came to this country, visited the Army of 

 the Potomac, and sailed from New York in July 

 for Spain, where his conduct in Mexico was 

 approved by the Government and Cortes. 

 Prim was soon again involved in revolutionary 

 movements, and toward the close of 1865 had 

 organized a formidable conspiracy, having as 

 one of its objects the union of Spain and Por- 

 tugal, under the Portuguese king. He gave the 

 signal for revolt on January 3, 1866, and was 

 sustained by many regiments in Aragon and 

 Catalonia. The Government, on its part, took 

 active measures against the insurgents, and 

 Prim, accompanied by about fifty officers, with 

 some hundred soldiers, was forced to fly into 

 Portugal. He addressed from Lisbon an appeal 

 to the Spaniards, and was, in consequence, 

 compelled to leave the country. He went to 

 London, but the following year he returned to 

 Spain to take part in another revolt. This 

 movement proved abortive, and Prim, with the 

 principal leaders of the conspiracy, had to 

 return to England. Fortune soon turned in 

 favor of the veteran conspirator. The discon- 



