ROUMANIA. 



vrnal damnation which tlicy uro preparing for 

 tin-in*. K * ^, may hasten to nppcusu His UTrible jus- 

 tice before the day of vengeance, uinl ti om.si.lc l>y 

 tlicir r"ii\vr>ioii the affections of their Holy Mother 

 tin! Church, and our own grief. 

 In order to obtain from the Divino mercy such 

 il favors, wo earnestly exhort you, venerable 

 lnvthri'ii, t join with our mipplirjitiiins y>ur fervent 

 prayers, and those of the faithful committed to yoar 

 care ; and going altogether to the foot of the throne 

 of grace and mercy. let us engage the intercession 

 of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, Mother of God. and 

 that of tin- l>li-.s>fd Apostles, Peter and Paul. "The 

 Church of Qod from her beginning until our day has 

 often boon in tribulation, and has ns oilen been de- 

 1. It is she who cries out, 'Saepo expu<riw- 

 verunt me a juvcntute mea, etemrn non potuerunt 

 in i hi. Supra dorsum meum fabricavcrunt, pecca- 

 tores, prolongavorunt iniquitatem suam.' Neither 

 to-day will the Lord allow the sceptre of sinners to 

 determine the lot of the just; the arm of the Lord is 

 not shortened, nor unable to save. Without doubt 

 lie will deliver His Spouse once again ; His Spouse 

 whom Ho has purchased with His blood, endowed 

 with His Spirit, adorned with His heavenly gifts, and 

 has also enriched with earthly girts." (St. Bern., 

 Ep. Conrad Reg. 244.) 



And now. we ask of God from the bottom of our 

 heart the abundant treasures of heavenly graces for 

 you, venerable brethren, and for all the clergy and 

 laity confided to the care of each of you ; and, as a 

 pledge of our special love for you, we affectionately 

 grant to you from our inmost heart the apostolical 

 benediction, to you and to all the faithful, our well- 

 loved sons. 



Given at Borne, at St. Peter's, the 1st day of Novem- 

 ber of the year 1870, being the twenty-fifth vear 

 of our Pontificate. PIUS P. P. IX. 



ROUMANIA, a dependency of Turkey. 

 Prince, Charles (Prince of Hohenzollern-Sig- 

 maringen), elected reigning and hereditary 

 prince by the plebiscite of April 20, 1866, and 

 recognized by the Sublime Porte on October 

 24, 1866. Area, 47,859 square miles; popula- 

 tion, in 1867, 4,607,510; revenue, according to 

 the budget for 1870, $13,446,000; expenditure, 

 $15,800,400; deficit, $2,354,400; public debt, 

 on July 1, 1870, $28,315,593. The strength of 

 the regular army is 22,700 men; besides, 

 there are 30 squadrons of irregular cavalry, 

 numbering 12,000 men ; 10 battalions frontier 

 guards, of 15,000 men, and a militia force of 

 33,000 men. The value of imports, in 1869, 

 was officially reported at $17,552,000; of ex- 

 ports, at $30,844,000. The Prussian consul at 

 Bucharest reports to his government, in 1870, 

 that by far the most important articles of ex- 

 port are wheat and corn, the total shipments 

 of which, from all Danubian ports, in 1869, 

 were: 



From BraTIa direct 1,084,000 quarters. 



From HraTla, bv way of Suliua 1,270,000 " 



From Galatz direct 679,000 " 



From Galat/, by way of Sullna 443,000 " 



From the smaller Danubian ports 858,000 " 



Total 4,633,000 quarters, 



representing an aggregate value of $26,920,000. 

 In 1868, 1,201 vessels entered Galatz, having 

 an aggregate of 264,037 tons; 1,264 vessels 

 cleared, having an aggregate of 298,835 tons. 

 At Bratia, 2,699 vessels were entered (471,425 

 tons); 2,550 vessels cleared (448,812 tons). 

 Length of railroads in operation, July, 1870, 



154 miles; in coarse of construction, 688 

 mil. -. 



During the summer of 1869, Prince Charles 

 paid a visit to the Emperor of Russia, at Li- 

 vadia, and was persuaded to enter into an 

 agreement for the reCstablUhment of the for- 

 mer relations between the Roumanian Chun h 

 a'nd the Patriarch of Constantinople. lie ac- 

 cordingly sent the programme of a concordat 

 to the latter for acceptance. The Patriarch 

 Gregory, in a letter dated Constantinople, 

 January 25, 1870, while lauding Prince Charles 

 for his endeavors to bring about the long- 

 desired reconciliation of the Roumanian 

 Church with the head of the Greek faith, in- 

 sisted upon the acceptance and insertion of the 

 the following three indispensable conditions : 



ARTICLE 1. The metropolitans elected in Roumania 

 must be confirmed by the Patriarch of Constantino- 

 ple, which confirmation must be applied for in a 

 letter by the Prince of Roumania. 



ART. 2. The Roumanian metropolitans are held 

 to mention the holy oecumenical patriarch in their 

 prayers. 



ART. 8. The holy anointment must be demanded 

 from the holy Patriarch in a special supplication. 



The presence of a minister or ambassador is 

 considered unnecessary by the Patriarch, inas- 

 much as a minister is a layman, who cannot 

 participate in, or be admitted to, the actions 

 of the holy synod. As regards the confirma- 

 tion or sanction of the decrees of the holy 

 synod by the Prince of Roumania, the Patri- 

 arch considers it inadmissible, as the decrees 

 of the holy synod are infallible, and do not 

 need any confirmation by a secular prince or 

 monarch. The Patriarch declares his willing- 

 ness to pardon the priests and bishops appoint- 

 ed by Prince Couza, and to receive them back 

 into the pale of the holy Church, on condition 

 that Prince Charles formally intercedes in 

 their favor, and adduces documentary proof 

 that the people and the clergy of Roumania 

 have no objection to them. 



This letter of the Patriarch, as well as the 

 unconstitutional and arbitrary action of the 

 Government, made the worst possible impres- 

 sion, especially among the liberals, and went 

 far to imperil the popularity so far enjoyed by 

 Prince Charles. Violent addresses on the part 

 of the Legislative Assembly took place, and 

 caused the resignation of the ministry and the 

 dissolution of the Diet, on the 8th of April. 

 In dismissing the deputies, Prince Charles 

 acknowledged that he had not been able to 

 form a new Cabinet, but that he would make 

 use of the prerogative of the crown by con- 

 vening the Legislature for an extra session on 

 the 24th of May. At the expiration of the 

 legislative period, new elections were ordered, 

 which resulted largely in favor of the oppo- 

 sition party and the red republicans, and gave 

 the signal for an insurrectionary movement and 

 a conspiracy against the life of Prince Charles 

 and all the foreigners in the country. The 

 movement was suppressed while yet in its in- 

 cipiency, owing to the prompt and energetic 



