670 



RUSSIA. 



The imperial Russian Geographical Society 

 made, in 1869, the following report concern- 

 ing the nationality of the inhabitants of the 

 Caucasus : 



The 857,681 Russians in Ciscaucasia do not 

 include the regular military force in the dis- 

 tricts of Kuban and Ter, while the 67,529 

 Russians in Transcaucasia are exclusive of the 

 army in Daghestan and of the inhabitants of 

 Petrovsk. The largest cities of Russia, in 1866, 

 were : St. Petersburg, 667,026 inhabitants ; 

 Moscow, -368,103; Warsaw, 180,657; Odessa, 

 119,376; Riga (1867), 102,043; Kishinev, 94,- 

 768; Saratov, 85,670; Vilna, 78,902; Kazan, 

 71,886; Kiev, 70,820; Nikolaiev, 64,406; 

 Kharkov, 59,973; Toola, 56,496; Berditechev, 

 54,655. 



The Russian possessions in Toorkistan are 

 now divided into two provinces and twelve 

 districts, as follows : 



According to an official publication of Janu- 

 ary 25, 1870, the revenue of the empire, for 

 the year 1870, was estimated as follows : 



Direct taxes 106,546,030 



Indirect taxes 212,356,811 



Revenue from the mines, mint, postal service, 



and the telegraph lines 19,664 873 



State domains 44,851,522 



Divers receipts \ 51.129'327 



Revenue from Poland not included in the bud- 

 get of the Ministry of State 166,353 



Revenue from Transcaucasia 5,661,534 



Total ordinary revenue 440,372,478 



Balances of credit according to the Budget of ~~ 



1868 9,088,592 



Special Budget 16,157,005 



Extraordinary revenue to be applied to rail- 

 road and harbor constructions , 11,110,243 



Total extraordinary revenue 36,355,840 



Total ordinary and extraordinary 476,728,318 



Less above sum for railroads and harbors 11,110,243 



Net 465,618,075 



The expenditures for 1870 were fixed at 

 476,728,318 rubles, as follows: Ordinary ex- 

 penditures, 446,461,070 rubles; discount on 

 budget of revenue, 3,000,000 rubles; special 

 budget, 27,267,248 rubles. Deficit for 1870, 

 11,110,243 rubles. The public debt, on Jan- 

 uary 1, 1869, summed up : 



Rubles. 



Russian State debt proper 2,003,484,160 



Debt of the Kingdom of Poland, assumed by 

 Russia 44,201,662 



Total 2,047,685,822 



From which must be deducted 



for advances made to railroad 



companies 80.148,867 



For advances made to various 



corporations, cities, etc 23,722.451 103,871,318 



Actual debt 1,943,814,504 



The Bank of Russia is exclusively a state in- 

 stitution, and its assets and liabilities ought to 

 figure in the budget of the empire. The assets 

 of the bank are known to be very small, while 

 its liabilities are in a highly-complicated con- 

 dition, its floating debt having been estimated 

 at 1,179,000,000 rubles, while the assets did 

 not exceed 289,000,000. Thus, in assuming 

 the settlement of the affairs of the bank, the 

 state would increase its debt by 890,000,000, 

 which would make a grand total of indebted- 

 ness of 2,833,814,504 rubles. Besides, there is 

 a third class of debts, resulting from the eman- 

 cipation of the serfs, and from the transfer of 

 land to them. From October 27, 1861, till 

 January 1, 1869, the total advances made to 

 the Government for that purpose, by moneyed 

 institutions, amounted to 477,096,972 rubles, 

 of which 225,271,260 rubles were retained by 

 these institutions for commissions and for pay- 

 ment of mortgage on the land. For the remain- 

 ing 251,825,712 rubles, the state emitted the 

 following securities : 



Rubles. 



Certificates of release 91.336,070 



Five and a half per cent, rents, for a capital of 106,764,315 

 Notes of the Bank bearing five per cent 



interest 52,427,350 



Paidin cash 1,297,977 



Total 251,825,712 



For these securities the state is likewise re- 

 sponsible, although the emancipated serfs are 

 held to pay the interest and amortization rates. 



