AMADEO. 



ANDRASSY, COUNT JULIUS. 



prosperous future for Spain. The deputation of 

 the Cortes was received by Vittorio Emanuele 

 and the King-elect in the Palazzo Pitti at Flor- 

 ence on Dec. 4. It is related that Prince Ama- 

 deo, when the prospect of a splendid destiny was 

 first presented to him, would have refused 'to be 

 a candidate, and only bowed to parental au- 

 thority. In spite of good intentions and honest 

 endeavor, he was not the man needed to calm 

 the distracted nation. He lacked the necessary 

 experience, knowledge of human nature, politi- 

 cal sagacity, and decision of character, and he 

 lacked true friends and earnest adherents among 

 the Spaniards. On the day of his landing at 

 Cartagena from the frigate " Numancia," Dec. 

 30, 1870, Marshal Prim, the head of the party 

 that brought him to Spain, died of wounds in- 

 flicted by political assassins. Amadeo took the 

 oath to support the Constitution, to respect the 

 laws of the country and to insure their observ- 

 ance and execution, on Jan. 2, 1871. The new 

 dynasty had no enthusiastic supporters, and the 

 King, though he commanded the respect of 

 everybody, won the affection and fidelity of 

 none. The Queen was esteemed for her virtues ; 

 but her scholarly accomplishments were regard- 

 ed with more curiosity than respect, and the 

 proud court nobility looked upon her as scarcely 

 of equal birth. " Don Amedeo's wife " was the 

 only title that the hostile press would accord 

 her. The amiable couple, adhering to their ac- 

 customed habits, did little to placate the char- 

 acteristic Spanish jealousy of foreigners. It was 

 impossible to secure a permanent Cabinet. The 

 Republicans and Socialists rose in different parts 

 of the country, and in 1872 a Carlist rebellion 

 broke out in the north, which it was impossible 

 to extinguish. Though warned of a plot to 

 assassinate him on July 18, 1872, Amadeo was 

 not deterred from taking his usual drive with 

 his wife. When returning, about midnight, 

 each tried to shield the other when the carriage 

 was stopped by armed men and several shots 

 were fired. For seven months longer the King 

 attempted to master the increasing difficulties, 

 refusing to deviate one step from the path of 

 strict legality, though counselors urged him to 

 use strong measures against his enemies. A 

 conflict with the ministry arose. He was unwill- 

 ing to promote an officer whom numerous com- 

 rades declared to be unworthy, but signed the 

 order when the Minister of War threatened to 

 resign. The protesting officers indignantly threw 

 up their commissions, and the order accepting 

 their resignations he signed likewise, and then, 

 rising from the table, he said : " I have decided 

 to abdicate." He adhered firmly to this resolve, 

 in which he was strengthened by his wife, whose 

 health nad suffered and who longed for her Ital- 

 ian home. In announcing to the Cortes his in- 

 tention, on Feb. 11, 1878, he said: "My hopes 

 have deceived me, for Spain lives in the midst 

 of a perpetual conflict. If my enemies had been 

 foreigners I would not abandon the task ; but 

 they are Spaniards. I wish neither to be the 

 king of a party nor to act illegally ; and, con- 

 vinced of the fruitlessness of my efforts, I re- 

 nounce the crown for myself and my heirs." 

 Castelar, who was president, proposed that the 

 two chambers should unite and assume the sov- 

 ereignty. The abdication was unanimously ac- 



cepted by the Cortes, which, in its reply to the 

 royal message, declared that "if any human 

 power could check the inevitable course of events, 

 your Majesty, through your constitutional edu- 

 cation and respect for established right, would 

 have averted them." On the following morning 

 the royal couple, with their children, set out for 

 Florence, a guard escorting them to the frontier. 

 The Amadeist party, he jestingly told an in- 

 quirer on the voyage, had never suffered for lack 

 of unity, as it consisted of himself alone. 



The prince was restored without delay to his for- 

 mer title of Prince Amadeo of Savoy and to all his 

 rights and dignities in Italy. His renunciation 

 of the right of succession to the Italian throne 

 was annulled, and Parliament unanimously gave 

 him again his dotation of 400,000 lire per an- 

 num. On March 12, when Amadeo was ad- 

 vanced to the rank of lieutenant-general, Presi- 

 dent Biancheri read to the Chamber his letter, 

 in which he said : " A severe task was commit- 

 ted to me and I undertook it, offering the great- 

 est sacrifice that of my country in the hope 

 of restoring peace and tranquillity to Spain. 

 More than two years have passed, and 1 leave 

 that land more racked and rent asunder than 

 before, as with sorrow I must own. Finding 

 that Spain could find no happiness through me, 

 I renounced the crown, after having faithfully 

 kept my oath. I return to Italy. She will find 

 in me a soldier and a patriot of whose life she 

 can dispose." On Dec. 1, 1873, the prince was 

 made inspector-general of the army. His wife 

 died on Nov. 8, 1876. He lived very plainly at 

 Turin, wher he was exceedingly popular. On 

 Sept. 8, 1888, he married for his second wife his 

 young niece Maria Letitia, daughter of his sister 

 Clotilde and Prince Jerome Napoleon, who bore 

 him, on June 22, 1889, a son, to whom King 

 Umberto has given the title of Count of Saleme. 

 The Italian people felt a strong affection for the 

 deceased prince, who was familiarly spoken of 

 as Amadeo (just as the King is called by his 

 Christian name, not by his royal title), nor did 

 his popularity suffer from the good relations 

 that he maintained with the Pope. 



ANDRASSY, Count JULIUS, a Hungarian 

 statesman, born in Zemplin, March 8, 1823 ; died 

 in Abbazia, Feb. 18, 1890. He was the second son 

 of Count Charles Andrassy, the head of a Roman 

 Catholic family of magnates of no great renown 

 or antiquity, nor distinguished for wealth until 

 he obtained a fortune by his marriage with a 

 Countess Szapary, and was able to settle an en- 

 tailed estate on each of his three boys. Count 

 Charles was a man of bright intellect and lively 

 wit, charming in manners, an excellent dancer 

 and rider, with a happy faith in his own good 

 luck, traits inherited by his son Julius, who was 

 celebrated even in youth for his brilliant sayings 

 and happy thoughts, and who by his external 

 graces, amiability, and early mastery of the arts 

 of social intercourse won the good opinions of 

 men and women alike. From his father, whose 

 efforts to advance science, education, and pro- 

 ductive enterprise in Hungary made him as much 

 disliked by the Vienna aristocracy as he was pop- 

 ular among his Magyar fellow-countrymen, he 

 derived also his large and liberal political views 

 and his ardent patriotism. He was educated at 

 the University of Pesth, traveled abroad, and 



