ANTI-SLAVERY CONFERENCE. 



13 



ciple," by the Bishop of Wakefield, the Rev. Dr. 

 Wace, the Bishop of Sodor and Man, Canon 

 Woelledge, Sir Andrew Clark, M. D., and others; ' 

 " Women's Work among Women, at Home and 

 Abroad," by Mrs. Sumner, of the Mothers' 

 Union, Winchester, Miss E. Mulvaney, the 

 Bishop of Southwell, and informal speakers ; 

 and " Socialism (a) Modern Theories and Aims 

 of Socialism; (b) Examination of them in the 

 Light of Christianity," by the Bishop of Dur- 

 ham, the Rev. M. Kaufmann, the Hon. Judge 

 Hughes, Sir John Gorst, M. P., Bishop Barry, 

 and general discussion. The third day's session 

 was opened with a discussion of the subject of 

 " Brotherhoods : Recent Proposals for their 

 Formation; Alternative Schemes," by Arch- 

 deacon Farrar, the Bishop of Liverpool, the 

 Rev. W. H. Hatchings, and speakers in general 

 debate. Other subjects treated of during the 

 day were ''The Due Limits of Ritual: how to 

 define them and how to secure them," by the 

 Bishop of Guildford, Viscount Halifax, the Dean 

 of Windsor, the Dean of Peterborough, Canon 

 Bardsley, Archdeacon Straton, and others: " The 

 Inspiration of the Holy Scripture," by the Dean 

 of Peterborough, Prof. Margoliouth, the Rev. 

 Canon Tristram, Principal Waller, and the Dean 

 of Armagh ; " The Work of the Church and the 

 Responsibility of Employers with Respect to the 

 Spiritual Welfare of those whom they employ, 

 (a) Ship-owners and Seamen ; (b) Contractors 

 and Navvies: (c) Manufacturers and their 

 Workpeople," by the Bishop of Newcastle, the 

 Rev. E. Grimston, the Rev. C. M. Woosnam, 

 and the Rev. W. B. Forwood ; " Free Elementary 

 Education; its Results in Foreign Countries ; its 

 Effect on Education generally ; and its Effect 

 on Religious Teaching and Voluntary Schools," 

 by Mr. J. R. Diggle, chairman of the London 

 School Board, the Rev. J. C. Thompson, and the 

 Rev. C. Dunkley. The subjects for the fourth 

 day were " Reverence (a) for the Name and 

 Power of God; (b) for God's Holy Day; (c) for 

 the Holy Spirit in Young People and Children," 

 considered in papers by Canon Newbolt, the 

 Rev. J. E. C. Welldon, the Bishop of Wakefield, 

 Archdeacon Blunt, the Rev. E. A. Stuart, and 

 Canon Girdlestone; "The Ethics of Commerce, 

 (a) Christian Conception of Commerce ; (b) 

 Speculation and Christianity ; (c) Commerce and 

 the Spread of Christianity in Other Lands," by 

 Archdeacon Farrar, Mr. Sydney Gedge, M. P., 

 Canon W. H. Fremantle, Mr. Stephen Bourne, 

 the Rev. Dr. Cunningham, of Cambridge, Sir 

 Albert Rollit, M. P., "the Rev. J. Grant Mills, 

 and the Bishop of Wakefield ; and " Country 

 Parishes, their Difficulties and Needs and Modes 

 of meeting them," by the Rev. Chancellor Es- 

 pin, Canon Temple, the Rev. Prebendary Ains- 

 lie. and other speakers. 



A General Synod in Canada. A scheme 

 was approved at a meeting held in Winnipeg, 

 Manitoba, in August, for the formation of a gen- 

 eral synod to embrace the Dominion of Canada 

 and Newfoundland, in which the several synods 

 shall be represented by delegates. It provides for 

 the retention of the existing systems of diocesan 

 and provincial synods, so that the organization of 

 the Canadian Church will be in three grades of 

 jurisdiction, represented by the diocesan, the pro- 

 vincial, and the General synods. The president of 



the General Synod having the title of primate 

 will be elected from among the provincial metro- 

 politans.. The plan of representation contem- 

 plates that dioceses having fewer than twenty- 

 five licensed clergymen shall be entitled to one 

 delegate for each order ; those having more than 

 twenty-five and fewer than fifty, two for each 

 order ; dioceses having more than fifty and less 

 than a hundred licensed clergymen, three for 

 each order; and larger dioceses four for each. 

 The synod shall consist of two houses, the bishops 

 constituting the upper house, and the clergy and 

 laity together the lower house. The primate shall 

 hold office for life, or so long as he is a bishop 

 in any diocese in the General Synod. Such ob- 

 jects will come properly under' the jurisdiction 

 of the General Synod as matters of doctrine, 

 worship, and discipline ; agencies employed in 

 carrying on the work of the Church ; mission- 

 ary and educational work ; the adjustment of re- 

 lations between dioceses in respect to clergy, 

 widows' and orphans', and superannuation funds ; 

 regulations respecting the transfer of clergy from 

 one diocese to another; education and training 

 of candidates for holy orders ; constitution and 

 powers of an appellate tribunal ; and the erec- 

 tion, division, or rearrangement of provinces. 

 The synod is to meet for the first time in Toronto 

 on the second Wednesday of September, 1893. 



ANTI- SLAVERY CONFERENCE. The 

 general act of the Berlin Conference, signed 

 Feb. 22, 1885, contains an article whereby the 

 powers exercising rights of sovereignty or any 

 influence in the territories of the conventional 

 basin of the Congo undertake to watch over the 

 preservation of the native races and the improve- 

 ment of their moral and material conditions of 

 existence, and to co-operate in the suppression 

 of slavery, and especially of the negro traffic; 

 also to protect, without distinction of creed or 

 nationality, institutions created for this object 

 or tending to instruct and civilize the natives. 

 At the suggestion of the British plenipotentia- 

 ries another article was added containing a dec- 

 laration of the same powers that the territories 

 over which they exercise sovereignty or influence 

 can not serve as a market or means of transit for 

 slaves, and a promise on their part to employ all 

 means in their power to put an end to the traffic 

 and to punish those who take part in it. In 

 March, 1889, pending the blockade of the coast 

 of Zanzibar, the British House of Commons 

 adopted a resolution calling on the Government, 

 in view of the increasing and extending desola- 

 tions in Africa caused by the slave trade, to take 

 steps to ascertain the willingness of the powers 

 to meet in conference for the purpose of devising 

 measures for its suppression that should be at 

 the same time effective and in accordance with 

 justice and international law, giving complete 

 effect to the declarations delivered by the Con- 

 gress of Vienna in 1815 and the Conference at 

 Verona in 1822. The British Government re- 

 signed the initiative to King Leopold, who con- 

 sented to summon a conference of the powers 

 signatory of the Berlin general act to meet at 

 Brussels" in the autumn to consider the present 

 condition of the slave trade by land and sea, and 

 to deliberate on measures for arresting or miti- 

 gating its evils. The object, as defined in his 

 circular, was to " effectively prevent the slave 



