28 



ASSOCIATIONS FOR ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. (AMERICAN.) 



Engines," by Henry -R Jony. : "Effect .of Internal g^hic ^atu^ o^^a.s^Mgo.s,^ o^ . ,. 



Strain^ in Hardened bteeV by Gefrce M Boa a, P^' Arkansas a d its Effect on the Associated 



The Princiiuil KK-mentot "JJj'SS of S^lid Strata "by R. A. F.. Penrose, Jr. ; " The Novacu- 



by Oberlin Smith; " The jtone^ V^ ^jg* gj ta o ' f Arkansas," by L. S -Gnswold : " Subsidence 



,r!,;,i for testing Cylinder Oils " and Deposition as Cause and Effect," by Edward W 



""T'* 3 ..! 1 " 1H&5 vrt'.nnance of 75-ton Am- Claypofe ; On the Paleontological and Geological 



"The Structure of Woods as viewed in their Cross 

 Scions" by William J. Beal ;" Note on Graphical 

 SSSSrtion of Crank Effort Wura " by ft * . 

 Durum! " Results of Tests of Strength of Sewer 

 C'M.V M \.Harris; and "A Vortex Automatic 

 Lubricator tor EBgfc-Speed Shafts," by St. John Day. 

 .,1,>,, V and Geography.-* section was 

 nr^i.U-.l over l.y John C. Branner, Director of the 

 Geological Survey of Arkansas. His address was 

 on the " Relations to each other of the State and 

 National Geological Surveys." These, he said, 

 should comply with the following conditions: 

 Geologic research being under the nominal di- 

 rection of the leading investigators, would be so 

 conducted as to be of the greatest utility to the 

 largest n umber. When a piece of work was done 

 by one it would be done for all, and duplication 

 by State surveys and by individuals, and the con- 

 sequent waste of energy, time, and money would 

 cease. The functions and fields of official organ- 

 izations being better defined, State and national 

 surveys and individuals could so direct their 

 efforts as to serve the purposes of others without 

 neglecting their own immediate aims and with- 

 out infringing upon each other's grounds. Na- 

 tional and State surveys would be strengthened, 

 and local organizations and individual effort en- 

 -..ur:iu'fil. H would give us a better geologic 

 literature, better instruction, better geologists, 

 ami more thorough specialists. And finally, we 

 trust it would put a stop to those oracles of sci- 

 ence who are so ready to prophesy in its name. 

 This ideal state of affairs may never be brought 

 about, but it is none the less desirable that we 

 should aim at it. For the more nearly we ap- 

 proximate to it the more rapid will be the prog- 

 ress of science, and the progress of science is the 

 I in igress of civilization. The titles of the papers 

 read were as follow : 



*' Preservation of Glaciated Rocks," by Homer T. 

 Fuller; " An Old Channel of the Niagara River," by 

 Josiah T. Scovell ; " Niagara. A Few Last Words 

 in Reply to Mr. G. K. Gilbert's History of the Niag- 

 ara River" by George W. llalley; "A Local De- 

 posit of Glacial Gravel found in Park County, Ind.," 

 by John T. Campbell ; " Concerning Some Portions of 

 >iilc-( Ohioensis, Foster, not heretofore known," 

 by Joseph Moore ; " The Barking Sands of the Hawai- 

 ian Islands" and "Occurrence of Sonorous Sand on 

 the Pacific Coast of the United States," by H. Carring- 

 tun I5olt"M : u Kloriditc, a new Variety of Phosporite 

 found in Florida," by Edward T. Cox; "The Co- 

 limibiii Formation in the Mississippi Embayment," by 

 W J McGcu ; " What constitutes the Tacdnic Mount- 

 ains," by Newton II Winchell; " The Formations and 

 Artesian Wells of Memphis, Tenn.," by James M. 

 Safford; "Progress in Morainic Mapping," by Thom- 

 aa C. Chamherlin ; " Remarks on Construction of To- 

 pognphic Map.- for Geologic Reports" and "Notes 

 on the Occurrence of Pegmatite in Central Missouri," 

 by Arthur Winslow; "The Amount of Natural Gas 

 used in Glass Manufacture," by Edward Orton ; 

 " Differentiation of Subterranean Water Supplies," 

 by John K. Si.-hel ; "Some of the Qualifying Con- 

 ditions of Successful Artesian- Well Boring in the 

 Northwestern States" and " A Notable Dike in the 

 Minnesota River Valley," by C W. Hall; "Topo- 



and Deposition as Cause and Effect," by Edward W. 

 Claypole ; "On the Paleontological and Geological 

 Relation of closely Similar Fossil Forms," by Charles 

 A. White; " The Crystalline Rocks of Central Tex- 

 as " " The Geology of the Wichita Mountains, Indian 

 Territory," " The Silurian System and its Geanticline 

 in Central Texas and Indian Territory," by Theo- 

 dore B. Comstock ; " Topographical Evidence of a 

 Great and Sudden Diminution of the Water Supply 

 in the Ancient Wabash," by John T. Campbell ; 

 " Glacial Action considered as a Continuous Phe- 

 nomena, having shifted from One Locality to anoth- 

 er " bv P. H. Van der Weyde ; " Geology of Indian 

 Territory South of Canadian River," by R. T. Hill 

 'and James S. Stone ; " The Recent Explosion of Nat- 

 ural Gas in Shelby County, Ind.," by H. E. Pickett 

 and Edward W. Claypole ; " Note on the Stony Me- 

 teorite that recently fell in Washington County, 

 Kan.," by E. H. S. Bailey; and " The Bendigo (Bra- 

 zil) Meteorite," "A New Method of Searching for 

 Rare Elements in Rocks," "Observations on the 

 Genesis of Certain Magnetites" and " Mepheline- 

 bearing Rocks in Brazil,"" by Orville A. Derby. 



F. Biology, The presiding officer of this 

 section was Charles S. Minot, of Harvard Univer- 

 sity, who delivered an address " On Certain Phe- 

 nomena of growing old." Concerning the laws 

 of variation in living beings, he showed that 

 these occur in an irregular series, reaching a cli- 

 max at a certain age, and that the rate at which 

 variations take place is greater in early life. 

 This was illustrated by the age of college stu- 

 dents, the growth of children, the age of matu- 

 rity in women, the age of maternity, etc. Here 

 the maximum occurs early in life. On the other 

 hand, a study of the relations of suicide, for ex- 

 ample, to age, shows the maximum much later. 

 This opens a large field for the study of statistics, 

 throwing light upon such problems as the rela- 

 tion of disease to age, and the time of greatest 

 intellectual power and success. Turning to the 

 question of variation in its relation to senility, 

 or growing old, the speaker emphasized the fact 

 that decline begins at birth. There is really no 

 period of ascending developement ; the end be- 

 gins with the start of life. But these changes are 

 more rapid in early life, so that the older the ani- 

 mal, the longer time required to produce a certain 

 change. There is, in other words, a progressive 

 loss of vitality, the potential energy steadily de- 

 clines. The following-named papers were read : 

 " Forest Trees of Indiana." by Stanley Coulter ; 

 "Food of Bees," by Albert J. Cook; "A Case of 

 Morbid Affection o^the Eye in a Cat," by Clarence 

 L. -Herrick, "Preliminary Notes on a New and 

 Destructive Oat Disease!" by B. T. Galloway; 

 "Observations on the Variability of Disease Germs," 

 by Theobald Smith; "Changes in the Ciliated 

 Areas of the Alimentary Canal of the Amphibia 

 during Development, and the Relation to the Mode 

 of Respiration," by; Simon H. Gage and Susanna 

 P. Gage; "Combined Aerial and Aquatic Res- 

 piration in Amphibia, and the Functions of the Ex- 

 ternal Gills in Forms hatched on Land," by Simon H. 

 Gage ; "The Trimorphism ofUromyces Trifolii," by 

 J. K. Howell ; " The Harvest Spiders of North Amer- 

 ica," by Clarence M. Weed ; "On the Structure of 

 Certain Palaeozoic Fishes," by Edward D. Cope; 

 " Morphology of the Blood Corpuscles," by Charles 

 S. Minot; " Observations on the Life History of Unci- 

 nula Spiralis," by B. T. Galloway ; " On the Seed Coats 



