ASSOCIATIONS FOR ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. (AMERICAN.) 



29 



of the Genus Euphorbia," by L. H. Pammel ; " Obser- 

 vations on the Method of Growth of the Prothallia of 

 the Filicineae, with Reference to their Relationships " 

 and " Contributions to the Life History of Isseus," by 

 Douglas H. Campbell ; " Development of the Sporo- 

 carp of Griffithsia Bornetiana," by V. M. Spalding ; 

 " The Relation of the Mexican Flora to that of the 

 United States," by Sereno Watson ; " Distribution of 

 the North American Umbellifere " by John M. Coul- 

 ter; "The Distribution of Hepotiee of North Amer- 

 ica," by Lucien M. Underwood ; " The Migration of 

 Weeds," by Byron D. Halsted ; " Geographical Dis- 



by 



Distribution of North American Plants," by Nathan 

 L. Britton; "On the Plates of Holonema Rugosa," 

 by H. E. Williams ; " External Termination of the 

 Urethra in the Female of Geomy's Bursorius," by 

 Herbert Osborn ; " Work of the Botanical Division of 

 the Department of Agriculture," by Frederick V. Co- 

 ville ; " On the Lack of the Distance Sense in the Prai- 

 rie Dog," by Burt G. Wilder ; " Disappearance of the 

 Decidua Reflexa," by Charles S. Minot ; "The Con- 

 tinuity of Protoplasm through the Cell- Walls of 

 Plants," by William J. Beal and T. W. Tuomey; 

 " The Distribution of Land Birds in the Philippine 

 Islands," by J. B. Steere ; " Potato Scab, a Bacterial 

 Disease," by Henry L. Bolley ; " The Development 

 and Function of the so-called Cypress-' Knees ' with 

 a Consideration of the Natural Habitat of the Tree," 



by W. P. Wilson ; "Preliminary Note on the Genus 

 R'hynchospora in North America'" and " On Rusbya, 

 a New Genus of Vacciniaceae from Bolivia," by 

 Nathaniel L. Britton ; "Exhibition of Diagrams il- 

 lustrating the Formation of the Human Sylvian Fis- 

 8ure," by Burt G. Wilder ; " Structure of the Stom- 

 ach of Ainia Calva,^' by G. S. Hopkins ; " Differenti- 

 ation of the Primitive Segments in Vertebrates," by 

 Charles S. Minot ; " A Support for the Chorda Tym- 

 pani Nerve in Felidse," by T. B. S pence ; " Notes 

 on the Amphibia of Ithaca," by Simon H. Gage and 

 H. W. Norris ; " Account of the Marine Biological 

 Laboratory at Wood's Holl " by Charles S. Minot ; 

 "The Desirability of establishing a Biological Station 

 on the Gulf of Mexico," by W. P. Wilson ; " Notes 

 on a Monograph of the Genus Lechea," by Nathaniel 

 L. Britton ; " The Specific Germ of the Carnation Dis- 

 care," by J. C. Arthur and Henry L. Bolley ; " Notes 

 upon Plants collected by Dr. Ed. Palmer at La Paz, 

 Lower California, in 1890," by J. N. Rose ; " Notes 

 upon the Crystals in Certain Species of the Arum 

 Family," by William R. Lazenby ; and " Notes on 

 Isopyrum Biternatum," by Charles W. Hargitt. 



H. Anthropology. The presiding officer of 

 this section was Frank Baker, who delivered his 

 address on "The Ascent of Man." In it he 

 defined anthropology as the "comprehensive 

 study of man, his origin, development, and pres- 

 ent condition." He referred to the career of man 

 through his long ages of evolution, and then 

 passed to those special characteristics, such as "the 

 modification of the limbs, with the erect position 

 and segmentation of the body." Concerning the 

 erect position of man, he said that it " is gradu- 

 ally acquired, and the difficulty that an infant 

 experiences in learning to walk erect is strong 

 evidence that it is an accomplishment acquired 

 by the race late in its history. The human body 

 gives evidence of a previous semi-erect position. 

 The special changes of structure that secure the 

 erect position are less marked in children and in 

 the lower races. In the course of evolution of 

 these changes there is a period of struggle before 

 the body becomes thoroughly adapted to them." 

 His address concluded with : " The results of the 

 erect position, of increased size of brain, of greater 



specialization of limbs, are almost incalculably 

 great, so great that they affect the whole life of 

 the animal, control his habits, direct his actions 

 in war and in the chase, and finally mold peoples, 

 nations, and races." The following-named pa- 

 pers were read : 



" Indian Origin of Maple Sugar," by Henry W. Hen- 

 shaw; "Fort Ancient," by Warren K. Moorehead ; 

 " Aboriginal Stone Implements of the Potomac Val- 

 ley," by William H. Holmes ; " Suggestion for a Pan- 

 American as Precursor to an Universal Language," 

 by R. T. Colburn ; " Dialectic Studies in the Swedish 

 Province of Dalecarlia" and " Peculiar Eft'ects of 

 One-sided Occupations on the Anatomy and Physi- 

 ology of Man," by J. Muller; "Exhibition of Dia- 

 grams of the Brains and Medisected Heads of Man 

 and a Chimpanzee," by Burt G. Wilder ; "Exhibition 

 of a Bone Image from Livingston County, N. Y." 

 and " Exhibition of Gold Beads of Indian Manufact- 

 ure from Florida and New Jersey," by Charles C. 

 Abbott ; " Notice of a Singular Earth-work near Fos- 

 ters, Little Mairni Valley, Ohio," by Frederick W. 

 Putnam ; " A Study in Mental Statistics," by Joseph 

 Jastrow ; "Arts of Modern Savages for interpreting 

 Archaeology," by Otis T. Mason ; " The Form of the 

 External Ear," by H. D. Garrison ; " Preliminary 

 Steps to an Archaeological Map of Franklin County, In- 

 diana " by Harry M. Stoops ; " The Relation of Mind 

 to its Physical Basis," by Edward D. Cope; "Remarks 

 upon the Mounds of Sullivan County, Indiana," by 

 John W. Spencer ; " On the Atbatl, or Spear-throwers, 

 of Ancient Mexico," by Zelia Nuttall; "On an An- 

 cient Hearth in the Little Miami Valley," by Frederick 

 W. Putnam ; " The Evolution of a Sect," by Anita N. 

 McGee ; and " On Obsidian Implements of Califor- 

 nia," " The Basket-Mortar of Southern California," 

 and " The Adze," by H. N. Rust. 



I. Economic Science and Statistics. This 

 section was presided over by J. Richards Dodge, 

 the statistician of the United States Department 

 of Agriculture, who chose as the subject of his 

 address " The Standard of Living in America." 

 After a full analysis of the facts, he reached " the 

 inevitable conclusion that the people, the workers 

 in all the hives of industry, the constructive 

 forces of the nation, exist upon a higher plane 

 than those of any other country." As to the 

 question, " Shall the present standard of living be 

 maintained ? " he said : " It is a point upon which 

 hangs the future education, enterprise, independ- 

 ence, and prosperity of the people of the United 

 States. It depends on the industry of the pro- 

 ducing classes and wisdom in the distribution of 

 their labor for a production that shall meet their 

 wants. If idleness shall be encouraged, pro- 

 duction limited, importation enlarged, and de- 

 pendence on foreign countries fostered, wages 

 will be reduced and the ability to purchase, as 

 well as the volume of production, will decline. 

 If the advice of public and private teachers of 

 repressive economy to buy everything abroad 

 and sit down in the enjoyment of the luxury of 

 laziness at home shall become the law of the 

 land, short rations will follow, and high prices 

 will only be abated by the inability of our peo- 

 ple to purchase for consumption." The papers 

 read before this section were : 



" American Money Past and Present," by S. Dana 

 Horton ; "Natural Resources ot'Loudon County, Va," 

 by Laura 0. Talbot ; " The Forest as a National Re- 

 source," by Bernhard E. Fernow ; " Biological Fac- 

 tors in Nutrition of Farm Crops," by Manly Miles ; 

 " The Right Application of Heat to the Conversion ot 

 Food Materials," by Edward Atkinson ; " Municipal 

 Corporations and Natural Gas Supply," by Edward 



