50 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



000 florins; hardware and clocks, 10,700,000 

 florins; cattle, 10,300,000 florins; books, 10,200,- 

 000 florins. The chief exports in 1887 were : 

 Cereals, 73.100,000 florins; timber, 55,100,000 

 florins ; sugar, 44.400,000 florins ; hardware, 35,- 

 500,000 florins ; cattle, 26,100,000 florins ; woolen 

 manufactures, 25,100,000 florins ; flour, 21,000,000 

 florins; glass, 20,400,000 florins; coal, 18.600.- 

 000 florins ; wood manufactures, 15,900,000 

 florins; wool, 15,200,000 florins; wine, 14,700,- 

 000 florins ; iron and manufactures of iron, 14,- 

 700,000 florins ; paper, 12,700,000 florins ; min- 

 erals, 11,000,000 florins ; gloves, 10,900,000 

 florins; poultry, 10,500,000 florins; feathers, 

 10,600,000 florins; linen yarn, 10,000,000 florins ; 

 leather manufactures, 10,000,000 florins ; silk 

 goods, 10,000,000 florins. 



The imports of gold and silver in 1887 were 

 10.600,000 florins, mid the exports were 4,900,- 

 000 florins. 



The special imports of Hungary in 1888 

 amounted to 465,500,000 florins, of which 388- 

 500,000 florins were from Austria ; the special ex- 

 ports to 446,400,000 florins, of which 310,300,000 

 florins went to Austria. The imports from Ger- 

 many into Hungary amounted' to 24,889,000 

 florins ; and the exports to Germany to 49,500,- 

 000 florins; the imports from Servia to 15.623,- 

 000 florins and the exports to Servia to 6,000,000 

 florins. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at the ports of Austria and Hungary during 

 1877 was 69,594 of 8,066.428 tons ; the number 

 cleared was 69,620 of 8,075,565 tons. Of the 

 vessels entered 83 per cent., of those cleared 84 

 per cent, carried the Austrian flag. At the port 

 of Trieste alone 7,670 vessels of 1,368,706 tons 

 were entered and 7,676 of 1,368,706 tons, cleared 

 in 1888. 



Railroads. On Jan. 1, 1889, there were 24,- 

 432 kilometres or 15,270 miles of railroads in 

 both halves of the empire, exclusive of 342 

 miles in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total 

 capital invested up to 1885 was 3,475,203,000 

 florins. In 1887 there were carried 70,366,000 

 passengers and 79,169,000 tons of freight. The 

 Austrian lines in 1889 had a total length of 4,- 

 267 kilometres, or 8,917 miles, comprising 3,973 

 kilometres of state lines, 1,918 kilometres of 

 private lines operated by the state, and 8,376 

 kilometres worked by companies, including 84 

 kilometres belonging to the state. In Hungary, 

 th.-re were 8,490 kilometres of state lines, 9i6 

 kilometres of companies' lines worked by the 

 state, and 4,732 kilometres owned and worked 

 by companies, making altogether 10,165 kilo- 

 metres, or 6,353 miles. 



The zone tariff system, with reduced passen- 

 ger nit.es, introduced on the Hungarian rail- 

 roads in August, 1889, proved very popular and 

 successful. The number of passengers for the 

 latter half of the year was about 3,000,000 

 greater than in the corresponding part of the 

 previous year, and the receipts for the year were 



Sp^Sr florins against 8,800,000 florins in 

 Joo. With some modifications, the system was 

 ion rodl m ed on the Austri an railroads in June, 

 190. There are 26 zones, as compared with 14 

 in Hungary. The rates of fare are 1 kreutzer 

 per kilometre, about 1 cent a mile, for third- 

 class, 2 kreutzers for second-class, and 3 kreutzers 



for first-class passengers on ordinary trains. On 

 express trains they are 50 per cent, higher. 



Posts and Telegraphs. The telegraphs in 

 Austria had 24,904 miles of line and 65.409 miles 

 of wire in 1888. The number of dispatches was 

 9,199,038. In Hungary there were in 1887 11,- 

 512 miles of line, with 42,583 miles of wire. 

 The number of messages transmitted in that 

 year was 3,724,370. On the lines of Bosnia and 

 Herzegovina, 1,743 miles, with 3,480 miles of 

 wire, 317,234 messages were sent in 1887. 



The number of letters sent through the Aus- 

 trian post-office in 1888 was 480,374,000; of 

 postal cards, 91,217,000 ; of patterns and circu- 

 lars, 59,682,000 ; of newspapers, 93.845,000. The 

 receipts were 27,916,109 florins ; expenses, 24,- 

 124,327 florins. The Hungarian post-office in 

 1887 forwarded .126,567,000 letters, 30,758,000 

 postal cards, 20,460,000 samples and printed in- 

 closures, and 53,500,000 newspapers. In Bos- 

 nia and Herzegovina there passed in 1887 

 through the post-office 4,996,000 letters and 

 postal cards, 190,900 samples and printed matter, 

 and 656,400 newspapers. 



Common Finances. The division of the ex- 

 penses of the common administration is periodi- 

 cally settled by an agreement or Ausgleicn. Ac- 

 cording to the last arrangement Hungary bears 

 2 per cent, of the common expenses over and 

 above the common receipts of the customs, and 

 the remainder is divided in the proportion of 70 

 per cent, for Austria and 30 per cent, for Hun- 

 gary. A common loan may be raised, and the 

 floating debt, consisting of treasury bills, is a 

 joint obligation. On account of the debt of the 

 empire contracted before 1869 Hungary pays the 

 annual sum of 30,312,920 florins. 



The budget estimates for the common affairs 

 of the monarchy for 1890 call for 132,224,339 

 florins, of which 39,953,850 florins represent the 

 estimated surplus from customs, 2,872,631 florins 

 the receipts of the various ministries, 1,787,957 

 Hungary's 2 per cent, and 87,609,901 florins the 

 contributions of the two parts of the empire. 

 The estimated expenditures are of the following 

 amounts in florins : 



The estimated cost of the civil administration 

 of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 1890 is 9,688,641 

 florins and the estimated revenue from the prov- 

 inces is 9,736,150 florins. There is besides the 

 extraordinary estimate of 4,282,000 florins for 

 the cost of the military occupation. 



The burden of the general debt falls chiefly on 

 Austria. The total capital in 1889 amounted to 

 3,199,791,000 florins. Austria's special debt was 

 1,058,636,000 florins and the special debt of Hun- 

 gary 1,545,792,000 florins, making the total in- 

 debtedness of the dual monarchy 5,804,219,000 

 florins. The public debt of Austria amounts to 

 152 florins per head of population, and that of 

 Hungary to 84 florins per head. 



