AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



after the new army law had fixed the yearly 

 i-.mtinu'i'iit for ten years at 103,000 men for the 

 regulars and 22,000 for the reserves, provoked 

 an outcry by saying that the peace effective of 

 tin- army was certainly inadequate, and that 

 small additional credits must be from time to 

 time demanded unless 100,000,000 or 120,000,000 

 florins were voted in a lump for bringing the 

 army up to tin- requirements of the time. 



Aii-l'ria. The Austrian Reichsrath in 1889 

 numbered in the Upper House or Herrenhaus 20 

 archdukes. (i(! territorial nobles, 10 archbishops, 

 ? prince bishops, and 109 life-members, and in 

 the Lower House or Abgeorduetenhaus 353 mem- 

 bers, of whom 85 represent the landed proprie- 

 tors, 116 the towns, 21 the chambers of trade and 

 industry, and 131 the rural communes. The 

 representation of Bohemia in the Abgeordneten- 

 haus is <.)> members, or 1 to 62,551 inhabitants; 

 ..-ilicia, 63, or 1 to 100,420; of Lower Austria, 

 :!7. or 1 to 68,761 ; of Moravia, 36, or 1 to 61,505 ; 

 of Styria, 23, or 1 to 54,835 ; of Tyrol, 18, or 1 to 

 45,100 ; of Upper Austria. 17, or 1 to 45,100 ; of 

 t lie Coast Province, 12, or 1 to 57,085 ; of Carniola, 

 10, or 1 to 47.418; of Silesia, 10, or 1 to 69,020; 

 of Dalmatia, 9, or 1 to 57,203; of Corinthia, 9, 

 or 1 to 39,873 ; of Bukovina, 9, or 1 to 69,026 ; of 

 Vorarlberg, 3, or 1 to 36,671 : of Salzburg, 5, or 1 

 to 33,961. Each province has a Diet, consisting 

 of a single chamber, which is competent to legis- 

 late on all matters not reserved by the Constitu- 

 tion to the Reichsrath. The provincial diets are 

 composed of the archbishops and bishops of the 

 Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic churches, 

 representatives of the large land-owners, repre- 

 sentatives of the towns, representatives of cham- 

 bers of commerce and trade guilds, and repre- 

 sentatives of the rural communes elected indi- 

 rectly. The respective number of members in 

 the sixteen provincial diets is as follows : Lower 

 Austria, 72 ; Upper Austria, 50 ; Salzburg, 26 ; 

 Styria, 63; Carinthia, 37; Carniola, 37; Goricia 

 and Gradiska, 22 ; Istria, 33 ; Tyrol, 68 ; Vorarl- 

 berg, 21 ; Bohemia, 242 ; Moravia, 100 ; Silesia, 

 51 : Galicia, 151; Bukovina, 31; Dalmatia, 43. 

 The deputies are elected for six years. 



The Austrian Council of Ministers is. corn- 

 nosed of the following members: President and 

 Minister of the Interior, Count Edward Taafe, 

 appointed Aug. 19, 1879; Minister of Public In- 

 struction and of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Dr. Paul 

 (i.nitM-h von Prankenthurn, appointed Nov. 6, 

 l v ^~>: .Minister of Finance, Dr. J. Dunajewski, 

 appointed June 26, 1880 ; Minister of Agricult- 

 ure, Count Julius Falkenhayn, appointed Aug. 

 1!), 1*7!); Minister of Commerce and National 

 Economy, Marquis von Bacquehem, appointed 

 July 28, 1886; Minister of Landesvertheidigung 

 or National Defense, Count S. von Welsers- 

 heimb, appointed June 25, 1880; Minister of 

 Justice, Count Friedrich von Schonborn, ap- 

 pointed (tat. 13, 1888; without portfolios, Baron 

 von Plazak, appointed Oot 11, 1888, and Ritter 

 von Zalski, appointed on the same date. 



Area and Population. The area of Austria 

 proper is 11.~>.M):{ square miles. The official es- 

 timate of population for Dec. 31, 1888, was 23,- 

 I s l.H'.Ki, varying in density from 61 to the square 

 mile in Salzburg to 888 in Lower Austria, and 

 averaging 202. The number of marriages in 

 1888 was 186,273 ; of births, 890,663 ; of deaths, 



688,122 : the surplus of births over deaths, 202,- 

 541. The population of Vienna at the end of 

 1888 was estimated at 1,350,000 ; of Prague, 

 304,000: of Trieste, 160,000; of Lemberg, 122,- 

 000;of Gratz, 106,000. 



Finances. The revenue is given in the finan- 

 cial estimates for 1889 as follows : 



SOURCES OF REVENUE. Florins. 



Council of Ministers 722.oo<) 



Ministry of the Interior 1,144,206 



Ministry of Defense 2<><J,279 



Ministry of Worship and Education 5,574,849 



Ministry of Finance : 



Administration 3,324,5^0 



Land tax 85,190,000 



House tax 31,053,000 



Industry tax 11,000,000 



Income tax 25,170,000 



Customs 87,400,000 



Indirect taxes : 



Excise 100,656,800 



Salt 20,32r>.0no 



Tobacco 81,373,000 



Stamps 18,800.000 



Judicialfees 84,000,000 



Lottery 21,500,000 



Various 3,979,590 



State property 2,425,555 



Ministry of Commerce : 



Posts and telegraphs 29.627,670 



Railroads 4<40G,C50 



Various 792,180 



Ministry of Agriculture : 



Forests and domains 4,009,660 



Mines 6,404,702 



Various 672,782 



Ministry of Justice 859,140 



Other sources 603,306 



Total ordinary receipts 521,821,369 



Extraordinary receipts 20,994,575 



Total revenue 542,815,944 



The estimates of expenditure were as follow 

 for 1889: 



HEADS OF EXPENDITURE. Florins. 



Imperial household 4,650,000 



Imperial Cabinet Chancery 73.380 



Reichsrath 706,135 



Supreme Court 22 (500 



Council of Ministers 1,042,017 



Ministry of the Interior 16,391,637 



Ministry of Defense 12,599,264 



Ministry of Education and Worship : 



Central establishment 1,433,830 



Public worship ' 6,419,810 



Education 12,119,478 



Ministry of Agriculture 11,900,175 



Ministry of Finance 82,777. <<6 



Ministry of Justice 20,097,400 



Ministry of Commerce 56,433,800 



Board of Comptrol 167,000 



Interest and amortization of debt 143,196,551 



Management of debt 905,300 



Tension: and dotations 18,415.030 



Contribution to common expenditure 101,621,824 



Total ordinary expenditure 490,972,737 



Extraordinary expenditure 49,073,148 



Total expenditure 540,045,885 



The revenue for 1890 was reckoned at 547,- 

 368,704 florins, and the total expenditures were 

 estimated at 545,771,700 florins. The expected 

 surplus is likely to change into a deficit, as it 

 has invariably before. Nevertheless, the finan- 

 cial condition of Austria has shown a steady im- 

 provement for years past, though not without 

 adding to the severe load of taxation that the 

 people have to bear. 



Education. Attendance in the elementary 

 schools is compulsory from the age of six to the 

 age of fourteen, except in Istria, Galicia, Buko- 

 vina, and Dalmatia, where, as in Hungary, the 



