AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



girls threatened to cease work unless their de- 

 mand for higher wages was granted. Meetings 

 were held in the suburbs that were attended by 

 thousands of persons who were voluntarily or 

 involuntarily out of employ. A mass meeting 

 in the Schmelz parade ground was broken up 

 on April 8 by the police, who made many arrests 

 and were stoned by the mob. In the evening a 

 larger crowd gathered in the neighboring suburb 

 of Neu-Lerchenfeld, which, after listening to 

 some speeches, attacked the police, who attempt- 

 ed to check them by firing blank cartridges, 

 broke into the station house and drove out the 

 officials, and then overran Lerchenfeld, Otta- 

 kring, and Hernals, stoning the windows of Jew- 

 ish shopkeepers, plundering the shops of four 

 or five who sold liquors and comestibles, setting 

 one on fire, and only ceasing their depredations 

 when two troops of hussars appeared on the 

 scene. A week or two later occurred a general 

 strike of coal miners in Moravia and Silesia. De- 

 manding an eight-hours' shift and two florins 

 a day, more than 30,000 men left work. Bands 

 of strikers enforced the stoppage of the iron 

 mills at Witkowitz, and soldiers were sent to the 

 scene of the disturbances. All work was sus- 

 pended in the districts of Ostrau and Karwin. 

 On April 17 a collision occurred between troops 

 and miners at Karwin, and on the following day 

 strikers were bayoneted in Polish Ostrau. In 

 several towns the strikes were followed by anti- 

 Semitic riots and the sacking of stores and 

 dwellings. There were strikes at Prague, Lem- 

 berg, Innsbruck, Pressnitz, Meran, Gratz, Mar- 

 burg, Znain, and Steyr. Workmen in railroad 

 shops and gas works demanded shorter hours, 

 higher wages, and the abolition of piece work. 

 On April 23 a serious anti-Jewish riot occurred 

 at Biala, in Galicia, where workmen plundered 

 the spirit shops and defied the infantry, who tried 

 to intimidate them with blank cartridges and 

 finally fired ball cartridges, killing or wounding 

 fatally 13 persons. On April 29 striking weav- 

 ers in Frankstadt, Moravia, wrecked a factory, 

 wounded the burgomaster, and resisted the 

 military, the women taking the lead. Great 

 anxiety was felt regarding the eight-hour labor 

 demonstration that was planned for May 1, and 

 elaborate dispositions were made to check possi- 

 ble outbreaks by a prompt evolution of military 

 force. The parade in Vienna, in which 50.000 

 working men took part, passed off without the 

 slightest disorderly manifestation. On May 19 

 several strikers were killed by troops at N'tirs- 

 chau, Bohemia. 



Hungary. The Hungarian Parliament con- 

 sists of an Upper House, called the Magnaten- 

 tafel, and a Lower House, called the Represen- 

 tantentafel. The House of Magnates is composed 

 of hereditary peers, who pay a land tax of 3,000 

 florins or over, 40 Roman and Greek Catholic 

 prelates, 11 lay representatives of the Augsburg 

 and Geneva Confessions, 82 life peers, 17 state 

 dignitaries, 3 delegates from Croatia-Slavonia, 

 and princes of the imperial family. In 1889 

 there were 20 archdukes and 286 hereditary peers 

 possessing the property qualification. The mem- 

 bers of the House of Representatives, elected for 

 five years, by direct vote of the people under a 

 slight property limitation, numbered 453 in 1889, 

 including 40 delegates of Croatia-Slavonia. 



The ministry, constituted in March, 1890, was 

 as follows : President of the Council, Count 

 Julius Szapary, appointed March 7, 1890; Minis- 

 ter of Finance, Dr. Alexander Wekerle, appointed 

 April 9, 1889; Minister of National Defense, 

 Baron Geza Fejevary, appointed Oct. 28, 1884 ; 

 Minister ad latus to the King, Baron Bela Orczy, 

 appointed Aug. 12, 1879; Minister of the Inte- 

 rior, Count Joseph Zichy, appointed March 13, 

 1890; Minister of Education and Public Wor- 

 ship, Count Albin Csaky, appointed in Septem- 

 ber, 1888 ; Minister of Justice, Desiderius von 

 Szilagyi, appointed April 9, 1889 ; Minister of 

 industry and Commerce, Gabriel von Baross, 

 appointed Dec. 21, 1886 ; Minister of Agriculture, 

 Count Andreas von Bethlen, appointed March 

 13, 1890 ; for Croatia and Slavonia, Emerich von 

 Josipovich, appointed Aug. 23, 1889. 



Area and Population. The population of 

 Hungary, including Transylvania, with an area 

 of 108.,258 square miles, was estimated for Dec. 

 31, 1888, at 14,859,288 ; that of Croatia and 

 Slavonia, having an extent of 16,773 square 

 miles, at 2,098,161; and that of the town of 

 Fiume, occupying 8 square miles, at 22,364; 

 making the total population of the monarchy 

 16,979,813, or 135 to the square mile. The num- 

 ber of marriages in 1887 was 151,511 ; of births, 

 745,080 ; of deaths, 568.533 ; the surplus of births 

 over deaths, 175,947. Buda-Pesth had in 1886 a 

 population of 422,557, the next largest city being 

 fezegedin, with 74,355 inhabitants. 



Education. The number of elementary 

 schools in 1887 was 17,786, with 27,119 teachers 

 and an average attendance of 1,621,656 children, 

 not including 447,711 in supplementary schools. 

 There were in 1888 102 gymnasia, with 2,510 

 teachers and 38,503 pupils, and 33 Realschulen, 

 with 630 teachers and 7,416 pupils. The Minis- 

 ter of Education in the session of 1890 presented 

 a bill to make the study of Greek in the gymnasia 

 optional except for pupils intending to study 

 theology, philosophy, history, or philology. The 

 university at Buda-Pesth in 1889 had 211 pro- 

 fessors and teachers and 3,660 students ; that at 

 Klausenburg, 81 professors and 525 students; 

 that at Agram, 49 professors and 413 students. 

 There were 38 Roman Catholic schools of divin- 

 ity, with 1,151 students ; 4 Greek Oriental schools, 

 with 279 students; and 14 Protestant schools, 

 with 437 students. The special schools of law 

 numbered 11, with 119 instructors and 709 stu- 

 dents. There are 405 special technical institutes, 

 including a high school for mining and forestry, 

 lower and intermediate forestry schools, 6 agri- 

 cultural colleges, and commercial and industrial 

 schools of various kinds. By the trade law of 

 1884 every commune where there are 50 appren- 

 tices is obliged to provide special instruction. 

 In 1888 Buda-Pesth had 16 schools for appren- 

 tices, with 6,459 pupils. In other towns and 

 counties there were 229 such schools, with 38,081 

 pupils. In Hungary proper the Magyar tongue 

 is used in 7,938 elementary schools, various other 

 languages in 4,801, and more than one language 

 in 2,766. In 1886, the children attending school 

 made 80-41 per cent, of the total number between 

 the ages of six and twelve. 



Agriculture. According to an official re- 

 port made in 1888, the Crown lands constitute 

 4'7 per cent, of the soil of Hungary, 26'9 per cent. 



