56 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



is municipal property, (M per cent, belongs to 

 foundations. 2 prr <-<-nt. is ecclesiastical proper- 

 t \- n-J percent, is held in trust, and 66'1 per cent, 

 belongs in fee simple to private individuals. 

 There are 2,348,107 owners who hold 15,027,889 

 jochs (1 joch = 1-43 acre) in properties of from 

 8 to 30 jochs; 118,981 owners of from 30 to 

 200 jochs, whose abrogate holdings amount to 



H) jochs ; 13,757 proprietors, whose pos- 



3 range up to 1,000 jochs, aggregating 



too j.H-hs; 4,695 proprietors of from 1,001 



to 1 u.< KM) jochs, who have altogether 6,660,000 



.ml '231 who.se estates exceed 10,000 jochs 

 and mak<> 3.JW9.000 jochs in the aggregate. The 

 uivji dry-ted to cereal crops is 8,021,000 hectares, 

 of which 2,776,000 are under wheat, 1,828,000 

 un.l,-r Indian corn, 1,126,000 under barley, 1,122,- 

 000 under rye, and 1,045,000 under oats. Vine- 

 yards occupy 353,000 hectares; the sugar-beet, 

 89,000 ; tobacco, 56,000. Meadows and pastures 

 cover 8,427,000, and forests 9,275,000 hectares. 



Finances. The budget estimates for 1890 

 give the following amounts, in florins, of revenue 

 from the various sources: State debts, 4,319,139; 

 Accountant-General's office, 1,895; Ministry ad 

 lotus, 250; Ministry of the Interior, 1,059,547; 

 Ministry of Finance, 266,021,133; Ministry of 

 Commerce, 62,527,635; Ministry of Agriculture, 

 r. > .-. )s ij..")">h Ministry of Education and Worship, 

 N52.409; Ministry of Justice, 769,117; Ministry 

 of Defense, 271,241 ; total ordinary revenue, 

 :: is i:! 1.920 : ( ransitory revenue, 7,124,327 ; grand 

 total, 355.259.247. 



The expenditure for 1890, in florins, under the 

 various heads, was estimated as follows: Civil 

 li>t. -1. i .50,1 )(>:>; Cabinet chancery, 74,978; Parlia- 

 ment, 1,236,802; quota of common expenditure, 

 23,297,673 ; pensions, 6,372,319 ; national debt, 

 12o.ois.588; guaranteed railroad debts, 11,287,- 



, ministration of Croatia, 6,063,530; Ac- 

 count ant -General's office, 110,100; Minister- 

 I'rexMency, 335,430; ministry ad latus, 54,212; 

 Ministry for Croatia, 36,080; Ministry of the 

 Interior, 11.694.434; Ministry of Finance, 57,- 

 2HJ.5IJ7; Ministry of Commerce, 45,609,595; 

 Ministry of Agriculture, 12,428,341 ; Ministry of 

 Instruction and Worship, 6,971,260; Ministry of 

 Justice, 12.324,139 ; Ministry of Defense, 10,712,- 

 5S5 : t..tal ordinary expenditure, 330,824,256; 

 transitory expenditure, (5,399,461; investments, 

 \traordinary common expenditure, 

 6.2 14.5 Mi; grand total, 355,663,646. 



The Resignation of Tisza. Koloman Tisza, 

 as the all-powerful Prime Minister of Hun- 

 giry for more than fourteen years, has won the 

 reputation of being one of the ablest statesmen 

 of tin- a^'e by lifting his country from a condi- 

 t inn of disorganization, bankruptcy, and political 

 Impotenoj, and making it a united, powerful, 

 and prosperous state, occupying the dominant 

 position in the affairs of the Hapsburg Empire. 

 Tin- value of his achievements no serious Hun- 

 garian statesman will dnny ; yet for years past 



he has 1 ii more hated and" reviled than any 



other European minister. ;uul chiefly for the 



that In- possessed the unshakable confi- 

 deiii-i- i.f a great, ma jority of the nation. Men of 

 political talents and classes that formerly exer- 

 cised a controlling influence,' such as the mag- 

 nates and patriotic Catholics, he disregarded and 

 offended, although he could have easily gained 



their support. He surrounded himself with new 

 men, content to act as mere clerks under his 

 direction, whom he shielded when they were 

 charged with dishonorable acts, although his 

 own reputation for integrity was above reproach. 

 The autonomous rights of the counties and the 

 Catholic sentiments regarding education and 

 marriage he trampled upon with uncompromis- 

 ing harshness. Still, the Opposition have not 

 ventured to oppose his policy or commit them- 

 selves to the repeal of his acts. Their attacks 

 have been directed against his political methods. 

 They accused him of maintaining his " dictator- 

 ship " and keeping together a solid body of par- 

 liamentary " mamelukes " by the abuse of official 

 patronage, by bribery and administrative press- 

 ure at elections, by the perversion of the organs 

 of justice, and by the arbitrary exercise of 

 executive power. The unpopular army bill gave 

 them the first opportunity to attack him on pa- 

 triotic grounds. The defect in the bill which 

 relaxed the .strict parliamentary control over 

 the army was remedied, and strong men who 

 had formerly acted with the Moderate Opposi- 

 tion were taken into the Cabinet, such as Szilagyi, 

 once the leader of that party, and Count Teleky, 

 a representative of the feudal aristocracy. These 

 concessions, which were made in a conciliatory 

 spirit and not from political necessity, impaired 

 his influence with the Austrian court party, 

 which feared that he might be drawn to yield 

 still more to the Hungarian desire for an inde- 

 pendent national army, especially since he in- 

 sisted on the dual character of the army being 

 recognized by giving it the title of " Royal and 

 Imperial." Tisza found that he could not work 

 in harmony with the new ministers. The ques- 

 tion on which a rupture occurred was one of 

 little importance. The advanced Opposition, the 

 visionary disciples of Kossuth, who call them- 

 selves the party of " 1848 and of Independence," 

 discovered that under the naturalization law 

 passed in 1879 Louis Kossuth was about to lose 

 his rights as a Hungarian citizen, as a paragraph 

 of the act provides that a Hungarian settled 

 abroad who for ten years neglects to notify the 

 proper authorities of his intention to preserve 

 his nationality can no longer claim to be a citi- 

 zen. They demanded that a special act should 

 be passed to keep alive the civil rights of the 

 exile of Turin. Tisza said this was unnecessary, 

 as his acceptance of the honorary citizenship of 

 thirty Hungarian towns was equivalent to the 

 formal notice "required by the law. No other 

 member of the Cabinet concurred in this view. 

 The Independence party called for a separate 

 act, and threatened to obstruct the passage of 

 the Honved bill until one were passed. The 

 Premier, without consulting his colleagues, an- 

 nounced that he had changed his mind, and 

 thought that, in consideration of the numbers 

 of Hungarian emigrants settled in America, the 

 paragraph ought to be amended, and therefore 

 he promised that after the Honved bill was dis- 

 posed of, he would bring in a bill that would 

 nave the effect of repatriating Kossuth. W^hen 

 the matter came before the Cabinet, all except 

 two of the other ministers supported Szilagyi's 

 objections to amending the law of 1879 and ap- 

 proved a special act in favor of Kossuth. At 

 this stage of the question the exiled patriot wrote 



