CITIES, AMERICAN. (CLINTON, COLUMBIA, CORNING.) 



123 



Clinton. A city, the county seat of Henry 

 County, Mo., 227' miles west of St. Louis, 

 78 miles from Kansas City, and 75 miles from 

 Fort Scott. The population in 1870 was 1,640 ; 

 in 1880, 2,869; in 1890, 4.721. It is a railroad 

 center, is crossed by the Missouri, Kansas and 

 Texas, the Kansas City, Clinton and Spring- 

 field branch of the Kansas City, Fort Scott and 

 Gulf, the Kansas City and Southern, and the 

 survey of the St. Louis, Kansas City and Colo- 

 rado. Its assessed valuation for 1889 (not half 

 its true value) was $1,259,220. Large coal fields 

 are found in all parts of the county ; mines of 

 the best quality of bituminous coal are worked 

 within a mile of the city ; and fine quarries of 

 building stone are operated within the city lim- 

 its. Clays of the best quality for stone ware, 

 sewer pipes, and the finest vitrified brick, and 

 mineral paints are found within the city limits. 

 The city has 2 flouring mills, one having a capac- 

 ity of 300 barrels daily, and a third under con- 

 struction of 500 barrels daily; 2 potteries, one 

 having a capacity of 1,250,000 gallons of ware a 

 year, and a furnace to reduce iron ore is being 

 built ; 1 daily and 3 weekly papers, 5 banks, steam- 

 fitting works and machine-shops, 2 carriage fac- 



i tories, 2 broom factories, 3 steam corn shellers, 2 

 steam-corn-meal mills, and an elevator ; 3 hotels, 

 9 church buildings, Young Men's Christian Asso- 



i ciation rooms and public library ; the Clinton Li- 



i brary Association and library of 425 volumes; 



! gas and electric-light plants and a street-car line. 

 The Odd Fellows, Masons, Knights of Pythias, 

 Knights Templars, fire companies, hook-and- 

 ladder companies, and other societies maintain 

 organizations. There is a fine system of water 

 works, with gravity and force combined, which 

 cost $100,000; ten miles of mains, supplied with 

 clear, pure water that rises from an artesian 

 well 840 feet deep into the reservoir, in a volume 

 sufficient for a city of 50,000 inhabitants. The 

 macadamizing of the public square and business 

 streets in the most substantial and expensive 

 manner and other street improvements have 

 recently been completed at a cost of $48,000. 

 The public-school building, one of the finest in 

 the West and the largest in the State, cost 

 $49,000. Clinton Academy, founded in 1879, 

 chartered in 1885, is open to both sexes, has 

 an average of 100 students, a library of 300 

 volumes, and the usual apparatus. Baird Col- 

 lege was founded in 1885, and with its ap- 

 paratus cost $65,000. It was opened for pu- 

 pils Sept. 29, 1885, is amply provided with all 

 the appliances for thorough work, and has an 

 attendance larger than that of any similar insti- 

 tution in the State. Clinton's great artesian 

 mineral well, one mile from the public square, 

 flows 800,000 gallons a day of clear, pure, white 

 sulphur mineral water, through an iron pipe. 

 8 inches in diameter, from a depth of 800 feet 

 below, to 12 feet above the surface of the ground. 

 It is fast becoming celebrated as a watering place, 

 and has hot and cold sulphur baths, and a five- 

 acre lake supplied from the mineral well. 



Columbia, a city, the capital of South Caro- 

 lina and the county seat of Richland County, 

 slightly west of the center of the State, in lati- 

 tude 33 59' 58". The city is on a promontory 

 of granite 200 feet above the east bank of Con- 

 garee river, at the junction of the Broad and 



the Saluda, and 336 feet above sea level. Co- 

 lumbia was established as the seat of govern- 

 ment of South Carolina in 1786. It was incor- 

 porated in 1787, and the Legislature met there 

 two years later. The streets are from 100 to 150 

 feet wide, with three rows of shade trees. Much 

 wealth was expended upon its attractions before 

 the civil war, and there are many beautiful resi- 

 dences, surrounded by large gardens in which 

 flowers bloom nine months in the .year. It has 

 become a resort for Northern invalids afflicted 

 with pulmonary complaints. The annual mean 

 temperature is 67. During the war. the -busi- 

 ness portion of the city was destroyed by fire, 

 but it has been rebuilt. Columbia is the most im- 

 portant business point in the middle section of 

 the State. Six railroads enter the city and a 

 seventh is being built, which will place it on the 

 shortest line from New York to Jacksonville, 

 Fla. ; $350,000 have been expended by the State 

 and city in opening the Columbia Canal, which 

 is nearly completed, and which, it is estimated, 

 will furnish 15,000 horse-power in the corporate 

 limits and will make Columbia a great center of 

 cotton factories. The population in 1870 was 

 9,288, half of whom were colored ; in 1880 it was 

 10,036 ; and in 1890 it was 14,508, an increase of 

 4,472 (44-56 per cent.). The assessed valuation 

 of real estate and personal property is upward 

 of $4,500,000. There are 3 banks, with aggre- 

 gate capital of $200,000. In 1890 there were in 

 operation 3 cotton-seed-oil mills, 1 cotton fac- 

 tory, a bent-wood furniture factory, iron found- 

 ries, steam and planing mills, a boot and shoe, a 

 hosiery, and 2 fertilizer factories, a cotton com- 

 press, granite quarries, and many smaller indus- 

 tries. There are churches of all denominations 

 and mission chapels in various parts of the city. 

 In addition to the public schools for white and 

 colored children are the Columbia Female Col- 

 lege, with an attendance of 150, and the South 

 Carolina College for Women ; and for colored 

 persons, the Benedict and Allen Institutes, with 

 aggregate attendance of 350. The University of 

 South Carolina, founded in 1801, covers an area 

 of 20 acres. The library has a fine building, 

 and contains nearly 30,000 volumes. The stu- 

 dents in all departments number 250, and tuition 

 is free. There is a Presbyterian Theological 

 Seminary, established in 1830. The public 

 buildings are the State House, of granite ; the 

 post-office and United States court house; the 

 State Lunatic Asylum, occupying 3 principal 

 buildings, with a small theatre attached capable 

 of holding 500 persons ; and the Penitentiary, 

 occupying 20 acres. There are two monuments, 

 one to* the Confederate dead, and one to South 

 Carolinians who fell in the Mexican War, the 

 last in the shape of an iron palmetto tree. The 

 State Agricultural and Mechanical Association 

 holds annual meetings at its property in the 

 suburbs of the .city. 



Corning, a city and the half county seat of 

 Steuben County, N. Y., 292 miles west of New 

 York city, 134 miles east of Buffalo, and 93 miles 

 south of Rochester. The city is on the main 

 line of the New York, Lake Erie and Western 

 and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 

 Railways. The Fall Brook Coal Company's sys- 

 tem of railways brings it within easy reach of 

 the bituminous coal fields of northern Pennsyl- 



