124 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (CORTLAND, DALLAS.) 



vania. Its railroad facilities make it the outlet 

 of a vast mining, agricultural, and lumbering 

 region. The population in 1890 was 8,553, an 

 increase of 11 per cent, since 1880. The village 

 of Corning was incorporated in 1848 by Erastus 

 Corning, of Albany, and was named after him. 

 It was chartered as a city in 1890. The valua- 

 tion of property is nearly $3,000,000, which is 

 much under the actual commercial value. The 

 bonded debt is $50,000. The city is lighted with 

 electricity, and its main business streets, to the 

 extent of more than a mile, are well paved. It 

 lias a system of water works, now leased, which 

 will revert to the city in sixteen years, and there 

 is also a complete system of sewerage. There are 

 2 banks; 7 churches, with an aggregate mem- 

 bership of about 3,000; 4 public schools, with 

 an enrollment of 2,000; a free library; 1 daily 

 and 1 weekly newspaper and 1 bi-monthly jour- 

 nal. The only public building is the court house. 

 In the manufacture of tobacco Corning does a 

 business of $100.000 yearly. Other products of 

 importance are beer, flour, stoves, and foundry 

 work of all kinds. Nearly 1,000 persons are em- 

 ployed in the making or cutting of glass; and 

 one of the establishments received the grand 

 prize at the Paris Exposition in 1888. The aggre- 

 gate trade of the city in a year is estimated at 

 $3,000,000. A feature of the city is a handsome 

 stone tower, containing a town clock, the gift of 

 Erastus Corning to the municipality. 



Cortland, a village, the county seat of Cort- 

 land County, N. Y., at the intersection of the 

 Syracuse. Binghamton and New York and the 

 Elmira, Cortland and Northern Railroads, 47 

 miles by rail from Binghamton, 37 miles from 

 Syracuse, and 70 miles from Elmira. The popu- 

 lation in 1870 was 3,066 ; in 1880, 4,050; in 1890, 

 8,708. The village is lighted by 50 arc lights of 

 2,000 candle power each and 700 incandescent 

 lights of 20 candle power each, and is supplied 

 with spring water, both for domestic and fire 

 purposes, distributed through 15'2 miles of 

 mains, using 120 hydrants. The Union system 

 of telegraphic fire alarms is in operation.' The 

 Cortland post-office is rated in the second class. 

 The following is the statement of its business 

 for the year ending June 30, 1890: Received 

 for postage, $20,749.35; salaries and expenses, 

 $11,205.77: net revenue, $9,543.58 ; money-order 

 business, $76,486.57 ; volume of business for the 

 year, $97,235.92. The force consisted of 4 clerks 

 and 6 carriers. Three newspapers are published 

 in the village. There are 9 churches. The 

 Franklin Hatch Public Library, opened in 1888, 

 has 3,000 volumes. The Young Men's Christian 

 Association also supports a public reading-room. 

 The Cortland Normal and Training School was 

 opened March 3, 1869. The grounds and build- 

 in-,' were contributed by the village at a cost of 

 about $100,000. Since the opening of the school 

 there have been registered 3,243 normal students, 

 of whom 1,212 were men and 2,031 were women. 

 The whole number graduated is 797. The pub- 

 lic-school system of the village was established 

 in 1880. Seventeen teachers are regularly em- 

 ployed, with an average attendance of nearly 

 900 pupils. The importance of Cortland as a 

 manufacturing center may be seen from the fol- 

 lowing table of incorporated companies and as- 

 sociations doing business there : 



There are 3 national banks with an aggregate 

 capital of $350,000 and a savings bank. A street 

 railroad 3 miles long connects Homer with Cort- 

 land. On Aug. 21, 1890, the village was struck 

 by a tornado, which did damage to the amount 

 of $15,000. 



Dallas, the county seat of Dallas County, 

 Texas, on the right bank of Trinity river, in 

 the northeastern part of the State. 315 miles from 

 Galveston, 215 from Austin, and 265 from Hous- 

 ton. The population in 1880 was 10,358; in 

 1890 it was 38,140, an increase of 27,782 in the 

 decade (268-22 per cent.). The assessment of the 

 city in 1880 was $4,100,340; in 1887, $11,908,- 

 346; in 1888, $13,811,659; in 1889, $21,560,417; 

 and in 1890, $31,556,350 on a basis of 60 per 

 cent, valuation. The total debt of the city is 

 $1,518,600, and the tax rate $1.50 on the $100. 

 The number of buildings constructed in 1888-'89 

 was 743, at a cost of $2,998,788 ; and in 1889-'90 

 769 buildings were constructed, costing $4.260,- 

 030. The railroads running into Dallas are the 

 Texas and Pacific, the Missouri Pacific, the 

 Houston and Texas Central, the Gulf, Colorado 

 and Santa Fe, the Dallas and Waco, the Dallas 

 and Greenville, the Texas Trunk, and the Dallas, 

 Pacific and Southeastern. There are also tele- 

 graph and telephone facilities. The total of 

 wholesale and retail trade of the city in 1889 

 was $27,050,000 ; in 1890 it was $40,710,000. On 

 Jan. 1, 1890, there were 13 miles of street rail- 

 way in operation, with 5 miles in course of 

 construction and 2 rapid transits. There are 

 40 miles of paved streets and 60 miles of side- 

 walks. During the past four years 14 miles of 

 street have been macadamized, 12 paved with 

 bois d'arc, and 44 miles of cement sidewalks 

 have been constructed. There are 22 miles of 

 sewers, which cost $200,000. Electric lights and 

 gas are in use. The water works are of the 

 pump and reservoir system, together with an ar- 

 tesian well, and there are 45 miles of mains 

 costing $500,000. There is a fire alarm, with 



