CITIES, AMERICAN. (JACKSON, JACKSONVILLE.) 



131 



granted by Congress to the State of New York 

 in 1862, and by the State Legislature to the uni- 

 versity in 1865. The material equipment, con- 

 sisting of the university farm, buildings, furni- 

 ture, apparatus, library, museums, etc., is val- 

 ued at $1,500,000. Western lands are still held 

 worth $1,000,000. The equipment of the engi- 

 neering department is believed to be the best in 

 the United States, if not in the world. The in- 

 stitution has over 1,300 students, 40 full pro- 

 fessors, 25 assistant and associate professors, 50 

 instructors, and 31 special lecturers. Both 

 ladies and gentlemen are admitted as students 

 on equal terms. One hundred and twenty-eight 

 free scholarships are annually awarded by com- 

 petitive examination to the best students in the 

 several assembly districts of the State. The 

 city has an excellent, system of public schools, 

 with an average attendance of 1,400, and 38 

 teachers. The Ithaca High School ranks among 

 the largest and best secondary schools in the 

 State, and is an important preparatory school for 

 Cornell University average attendance, 275 ; 9 

 teachers. There is also a parochial school, hav- 

 ing 6 teachers and about 350 pupils. The Cor- 

 nell Free Circulating Library, founded by Ezra 

 Cornell in 1866, has over 16,000 volumes and an 

 annual circulation of 28,000 volumes. It has a 

 productive endowment of $25,000. There are 



2 national banks, with an aggregate capital 

 of $400,000, and a surplus of $90,000, and a 

 savings-bank, having deposits amounting to 

 $790,000 and a surplus of $102,000, part of 

 which has been invested in a bank building 

 costing, with site, $70,000. There are 1 daily 

 and 3 weekly papers, and in addition, there 

 are a daily and a weekly paper and a monthly 

 magazine published by the university students. 

 The city is lighted by electricity, and an electric 

 street railroad connects the business center with 

 the principal depots. There are gas and water 

 works controlled by private corporations. It 

 has an efficient fire department consisting of 

 7 hose companies and 1 company of protective 

 police, and an equipment consisting of 2 

 steamers, 1 hook-and-ladder truck, 8 hose car- 

 riages, and a supply wagon. The principal 

 manufacturing establishments are 2 gun fac- 

 tories, 1 calendar-clock factory, 2 window-glass 

 factories, 2 paper mills, and 2 flour mills. The 

 churches are 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 



3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Episco- 

 pal, and 1 Catholic. There is also a flourishing 

 Young Men's Christian Association. Among 

 the charitable institutions are an Old Ladies' 

 Home, a Children's Home, and a Kindergarten. 

 A hospital is soon to be established. About 

 three years since a well was drilled to the depth 

 of 3,100 feet, which at a depth of 2,200 feet 

 passed through several beds of solid salt aggre- 

 gating more than 100 feet in thickness. Salt 

 works will undoubtedly be established here at an 

 early day. North of 'the city is an extensive 

 gravel bank, evidently a moraine of the glacial 

 period. 



Jackson, the central -city of Michigan, so 

 called on account of its location midway between 

 Lakes Erie and Michigan, and also on account of 

 its converging network of railways. It is the 

 county seat of Jackson County, one of the most 

 populous and productive in the State. While 



much of the prosperity of Jackson is due to its 

 agricultural surroundings, its rapid growth in 

 recent years is properly attributed to its manu- 

 factures and railroads. Of the latter there 

 are 8 distinct lines passing through or termi- 

 nating in the city, belonging to 4 systems, of 

 which the Michigan Central, the Lake Shore and 

 Michigan Southern, and the Grand Trunk are 

 doing a heavy business, and the Cincinnati, 

 Jackson and Mackinaw is building in from Ad- 

 dison, 20 miles distant. Each company main- 

 tains a separate depot, and the entire network 

 of railways is connected by means of side tracks, 

 constituting a practical belt line for transfer. 

 The city is so accessible from every direction 

 that it is the distributing point for a large por- 

 tion of the State, nearly all the great agricult- 

 ural-machinery manufactories having warehouses 

 or transfer agencies in the city. Jackson is 

 above the central coal basin of Michigan, and 

 numerous mines are operated in the vicinity, 

 furnishing a good quality of soft coal. Be- 

 neath the coal formation are inexhaustible sup- 

 plies of salt, which latter is not at present util- 

 ized on account of the cost of manufacture 

 and the low price of the product. The largest 

 industry manufactures all varieties of mill ma- 

 chinery. The factory covers 20 acres, and does 

 a business of several million dollars a year. The 

 Michigan Central owns and operates large rail- 

 road shops in the city, and manufactures loco- 

 motives, cars, etc., in large numbers. The Mich- 

 igan State Prison, one of the finest in America, 

 is in Jackson ; its 750 convicts are employed on 

 contracts, operated on a large scale, making 

 wagons, agricultural tools of all kinds, boots and 

 shoes, brooms, and other articles. Other indus- 

 tries of Jackson are large flouring mills, carriage 

 and cart factories, harness factories, mill ma- 

 chinery, engines, dust collectors, soap, spices, 

 chemicals, glue, brick, tile, sewer pipe, beer, 

 lumber, furniture, and house furnishings. Jack- 

 son excels all other cities in the manufacture of 

 road carts. It has the central office of the Na- 

 tional Water-Gas Company, which operates an 

 extensive, elaborate, model plant, and furnishes 

 gas at thirty cents a thousand feet. The city 

 has two electric-light companies, arid the streets 

 are lighted all night with 250 arc lights. The 

 drainage and sewerage are excellent, into Grand 

 river, which flows through the city. There arc 

 15 public schools, 4 parochial schools, 5 banks 

 with large capital, 24 churches, 10 building and 

 saving societies, and a free public library: a 

 United States Government post-office is being 

 built. There are three daily papers and numer- 

 ous weekly publications. 'The population in 

 1880 was 16,105 ; in 1884, by State census, 

 19,136 ; in 1890, by Federal census, 20,779. 



Jacksonville, a city and the county seat 

 of Morgan County, 111., 90 miles northeast of 

 St. Louis, Mo., and the same distance west of 

 Quincy. It is one of the oldest educational cen- 

 ters in the West. The Yale Band of Connecticut 

 founded here, in 1829, Illinois College, the oldest 

 chartered institution of learning in the State. 

 Shortly afterward Jacksonville Female Academy 

 was established in a humble way, the first of 

 its kind in the State, now a flourishing institu- 

 tion. There are in addition the Illinois Conserv- 

 atory of Music, the Illinois Female College and 



