CITIES, AMERICAN. (OLEAN, ONEONTA, OTTUMWA.) 



139 



Albany main line on the north side, the Woon- 

 socket branch on the south, and the Circuit line 

 3onnecting these, on all of which are eleven sta- 

 tions. Nearly all these depots are new, tasteful 

 structures of brick and stone. Street railroads 

 connect Newton with Boston, Watertown, and 

 Waltham, and in 1890 horses were superseded by 

 the electric cars. Newton was for many years 

 the home of Horace Mann, the great educator, 

 and its schools are among the finest in the State. 

 Military instruction is given to the boys at the 

 high schools. It has one other military organ- 

 ization, the Clafflin Guards. At Newton Center 

 is the Baptist Theological Institution, one of the 

 finest schools of the class in the United States. 

 Many of the church structures are new, built of 

 tone, after designs by famous architects. New- 

 ton has a fine free library, a gift to the city by a 

 few generous-hearted men, and John S. Farlow 

 lias given it Parlovv Park and a mortuary chapel, 

 with a conservatory attached, for the beautiful 

 cemetery. The Lassell Female Seminary and 

 Allen School are well known. Newton is sup- 

 plied with excellent water, and soon will have a 

 comprehensive system of sewerage. Geologically, 

 jXewton rests on the older Cambrian or upper 

 illuronian rocks, and presents everywhere fine il- 

 lustrations of glacial moraines and evidences of 

 the drift epoch. It has a flourishing Natural 

 [History Society, as well, as many other societies 

 and clubs. Newton is divided into villages, dis- 

 tinguished by prefix or suffix, scattered along 

 the railroad. It was the home of Waban, chief 

 iof the Nonantum Indians, and on the spot where 

 Ithe foundation is laid for a monument to his 

 memory, Eliot first preached to the Indians. 

 I Olean, a village on Alleghany river, Cattarau- 

 u;s County, N. Y. The population in 1880 was 

 0,57.) ; in 1890 it was 11,584. It is the center of 

 ithe Western New York and Pennsylvania Rail- 

 ;road system, reaching by the main line Buffalo. 

 on the north, 70 miles ; Emporium, on the south, 

 51 miles ; Rochester, by the Genesee valley 

 jbranch, 106 miles ; Pittsburg, through the lower 

 oil fields, by the river division and connections, 

 |250 miles ; and Warren, Pa., through the north- 

 ern oil fields. The other railroads are the New 

 York, Lake Erie and Western and the Lacka- 

 kvanna and Southwestern, the last a narrow 

 ?auuv. passing through the Allegany County, 

 SI. Y., oil fields. A street railroad connects with 

 ill railroads. There are two national banks. The 

 Manufactures include 4 machine shops, 3 found- 

 ries, 7 tanneries, 4 planing and 3 flouring mills, 

 I refineries and barrel works of the Standard Oil 

 Company, railroad shops, chemical, glass, and 

 )rick works, wagon, road-cart, stump-machine, 

 larness. carriage, hub, heading, handle, tooth- 

 Dick, box, basket, and glue factories. The United 

 pipe lines have in the vicinity more than 300 

 ron tanks, with a storage capacity of 10,000,000 

 Barrels, and through 2" 6-inch pipe lines oil is 

 Dumped to New York City. Fine blue-stone flag- 

 ging and building stone are furnished from quar- 

 ries in the town. There is a public library of 

 )ver 3,000 volumes, the building being the gift 

 )f George V. Forrnan; 11 school, and 9 church 

 edifices, a public building, and a State armory. 

 The village has natural gas for fuel and lights, 

 electric lights, and a gravity system which fur- 

 bishes pure water. 



Oneonta, a village of Otsego County, N. Y., 

 22 miles from the head of Susquehanna river at 

 Otsego Lake, 82 miles southwest of Albany, and 

 60 miles northeast of Binghamton. It was for 

 a long time known as McDonald's Bridge, but 

 became Oneonta by law and by name in 1830. 

 In 1867 a village census showed a population of 

 700 ; in 1881 it was 3,002 ; in 1890 it was 6,305. 

 The assessed valuation is $1,832,875. Oneonta's 

 substantial growth began with the coming of 

 the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad in 1866. 

 A few years later the road was leased to the 

 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company for nine- 

 ty-nine years, and the workshops were built here ; 

 the shops, round-houses, other buildings, and 

 tracks cover 150 acres, and the shops give em- 

 ployment to 900 men. Water is furnished by 

 the Water Works Company, organized in 1881 

 with a capital of $300.000. It is spring water 

 stored in 2 large reservoirs 4 and 5 miles from 

 the village, brought in iron conduits, and is 

 adequate for a population of 30,000. The vil- 

 lage is lighted by electricity, and has a street 

 railway 2| miles long. The main business 

 streets are paved, and a system of sewerage is 

 begun. The town has 11 churches, 2 national 

 banks, 3 weekly and 2 daily papers. A union 

 school has a superintendent and 22 teachers, with 

 3 buildings. Connected with the school is a 

 public library of about 3,000 volumes. The 

 Oneonta State Normal School was built at a 

 cost of $114,000, and was opened Sept. 1, 1889, 

 with a faculty of 14 members. It is on an 

 eminence overlooking the village, and in the 

 second year had an attendance of 400 students. 

 The principal manufacturing companies are : A 

 table company, a knitting mill, a sash and blind 

 factory, a printing-press company, a shirt manu- 

 factory, 5 cigar factories, and several minor in- 

 dustries, employing about 1,000 persons. The 

 fire department is well equipped. The village 

 has a Young Men's Christian Association of 600 

 members and various other orders and societies. 



Ottumwa, a city, and the county seat of 

 Wapello County, Iowa, on Des Moines river, 75 

 miles from Burlington, in the southeastern part 

 of the State. The population in 1870 was 5,214; 

 in 1880 it was 9,004 ; in 1890 it was 13,996, an 

 increase of 4,992 (55'44 per cent.). Ottumwa in 

 1890 had 5 railroads, with a sixth in process 

 of construction. A fine railroad bridge crosses 

 the river, and all roads center upon the river 

 front, back of which the city rises in terraces to 

 the summit of the bluff. Ample water power is 

 afforded by the river, and the city has been 

 called " the Lowell of Iowa." In 1885 Wapello 

 County contained 41 manufacturing establish- 

 ments, with capital invested of $847,500, and a 

 product of $2,963,380. Of this amount, $2,000,- 

 000 resulted from the pork-packing industry. 

 Other manufactures were of woolen goods, lum- 

 ber, agricultural implements, brick and tiles, 

 carriages and wagons, machinery, saddlery and 

 harness, furniture, cigars, foundry, brewery, and 

 creamery products, and miscellaneous minor 

 factories. The yearly trade of the city is $6,000,- 

 000. In 1887 20 coal mines were in operation in 

 the county, all working in the lower coal meas- 

 ures, the deepest shafts not exceeding 100 feet, 

 and the coal lying in many places near the sur- 

 face, permitting shafts to be opened by slopes. 



