CITIES, AMERICAN. (Sioux FALLS, SOUTH BEND.) 



145 



school, with Catholic schools. The public-school 

 attendance is 847. Six churches own their houses 

 of worship. There are strong organizations of 

 the Young Men's Christian Association and the 

 Women's Christian Temperance Union. The 

 population of Sault Ste. Marie is estimated at 

 about 5,700. 



Sioux Falls, the county seat of Minnehaha 

 County and in 1889 the largest city in South 

 Dakota, in the southeastern part of the State, 90 

 miles from Sioux City, Iowa, on Big Sioux River 

 and the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and 

 Omaha, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, 

 and the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and North- 

 ern Railroads. The population in 1880 was 

 2,164 ; in 1890 it was 10,154, an increase of 7,990 

 (369-22 per cent.). The record of building im- 

 provements for the year 1887 was $1,073,285, 

 and for 1888 $1,452,880. In the same year the 

 city had 3 national banks, with capital of $350,- 

 000, in addition to 3 private and 1 savings bank 

 and 4 loan and trust companies. The daily 

 capacity of the water works is 1,500,000 gallons, 

 and in 1888 there were 8 miles of pipe and 55 

 hydrants. Electric lights are in use, in addition 

 to gas, and there are street-car and telephone 

 lines. Five brick or stone buildings, two stories 

 in height, have been provided for the accommo- 

 dation of the public schools, 21 teachers are em- 

 ployed, and there are 1,306 pupils. Four colleges 

 are also at Sioux Falls Episcopal, Baptist, 

 Catholic, and a Norwegian Normal University- 

 each having fine buildings. At the falls of the 

 Big Sioux the river descends, through a series of 

 cascades, 91 feet in half a mile. Along the stream 

 are the largest exposures of quartzite or jasper 

 granite in America, which furnish the largest 

 business in connection with a natural product 

 in the State outside of the Black Hills. The 

 stone is of various shades and colors red, green, 

 yellow, etc. so hard that its sharp points will 

 cut glass like a diamond, and is susceptible of a 

 glass-like polish. The deposits, by estimate of 

 the United States Geological Survey, are from 

 3,000 to 4,000 feet thick, and at Sioux Falls 

 nearly 80 feet of the rock are exposed. Granite 

 polishing works have been erected in the city at 

 a cost of $80,000 for preparation of the stone 

 for monumental and ornamental work. In 1889 

 one of several companies handling Sioux Falls 

 granitg reported total shipments to date of the 

 report of 8,414 car loads of paving, and in one 

 year of 350 car loads of building material, to 

 Omaha, Kansas City, Chicago, and other eastern 

 points. Six grades of macadam stone are manu- 

 factured. The polishing works have also ma- 

 chinery for working the chalcedony or petrified 

 wood of Arizona, which is brought by car loads 

 from that Territory. The city has 2 foundries 

 and machine shops, making light and heavy 

 casting, doing architectural work, and building 

 engines, mill, and elevator machinery ; a pump 

 factory ; a pork-packing house, with a capital of 

 $50,000 ; and 2 flouring mills, with capacity of 

 500 barrels ; $50,000 are also invested in brewer- 

 ies and $15,000 in creameries. A large woolen 

 mill has recently been constructed, and there are 

 minor industries, including broom, blank-book, 

 brick, cabinet, -candy, cigar, barrel, cornice, 

 frame, jewelry, mineral-water, sorghum, vinegar, 

 wagon, and carriage factories. The South Da- 

 VOL. xxx. 10 A 



kota Penitentiary at Sioux Falls is of native jas- 

 per, the main building being 54 by 70 feet, with 

 two wings, each 51 by 77 feet. It is supplied 

 with steam - heating apparatus, electric lights, 

 and a fine system of water works. One wing is 

 used for Federal prisoners. The State School 

 for Deaf Mutes occupies two buildings, also of 

 granite, and fitted with modern conveniences, 

 erected at cost of $53,000. Sioux Falls has an 

 opera house, with seating capacity of 800 ; Ger- 

 mania Hall, seating 500 ; and a Knights of Labor 

 hall. Two daily papers are published and 7 

 weekly, 1 of the last in the German language, 

 and there are 3 monthly publications. 



South Bend, a city and the county seat of 

 St. Joseph's County, Ind., on both banks of 

 St. Joseph's river, at the intersection of 4 

 trunk lines of railroad. The city was laid out 

 in 1831, when it had a population of 150. The 

 population in 1880 was 13,280; in 1890 it was 

 21,786, an increase of 8,506 (64-05 per cent.). The 

 assessed valuation of property in 1887 was $5,- 

 817,730. The development of manufacturing 

 interests began in 1861. In 1883, South Bend, 

 while the tenth city in Indiana in population, 

 was second only to Indianapolis in the value of 

 manufactured "products. In that year nearly 

 $4,000,000 were invested in grounds, buildings, 

 and machinery, and the aggregate product fell 

 but little short of $11,000,000. In 1890 the 

 manufacturing establishments of South Bend 

 were 125 in number, including 7 wagon facto- 

 ries, the largest covering 83 acres, with flooring 

 of 24 acres, and employing 1,500 persons. The 

 yearly output is 40,000 vehicles. The additional 

 carriage works of the same plant cover three 

 and a half acres. Other industries are 4 plow 

 works, 3 of which manufactured chilled plows, 

 the output of the largest being 125,000 plows 

 yearly; clover-huller works, selling 1,200 ma- 

 chines yearly, steel skein works (for wagons), 

 boiler works, a sewing - machine - case factory 

 (using 12,000,t)00 feet of lumber and 500,000 

 pounds of glue a year), large woolen mills, a 

 shirt factory, machine and cooper shops, a pump 

 company, a large toy- wagon and croquet factory, 

 and a factory of silk and woolen underwear. 

 The city is regularly laid out and has many 

 beautiful residences. The streets are wide and 

 paved, with large and handsome shade trees. 

 The pavements are of stone, cedar block, brick, 

 and cement, the last made from deposits within 

 the county, from which concrete and stone pipe 

 are also manufactured. Large gravel beds lie 

 near South Bend, and the roads entering the city 

 are graveled for miles. Water is supplied from 

 16 artesian wells 125 feet deep. The stand-pipe 

 is 221 feet high and 4 pumps are in use. The 

 city is lighted with electricity, and street-cars 

 are propelled by the electric motor. A tele- 

 phone exchange was established in 1880, and a 

 fire-alarm system is in use. There are 9 public 

 schools. The total enrollment in 1887-'88 was 

 2,380, and the average daily attendance 1.870. 

 The churches number 23. Two daily, 5 weekly, 

 and 1 semi-monthly newspapers are published. 

 About a mile and a half from South Bend is 

 the University of Notre Dame, founded in 1842 

 and rebuilt after its destruction by fire in 1879. 

 The main building is of white brick and stone, five 

 stories high, with a huge dome springing 70 feet 



