146 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (SPRINGFIELD.) 



above' its roof and surmounted by a golden image 

 of the Virgin, 14 feet high, whose crown can be 

 illuminated by electric light. The attendance is 

 about 1,000. The Church of the Sacred Heart, 

 near the university, is one of the most beautiful 

 in the United States. St. Mary's Academy for 

 young ladies is also in close proximity. South 

 Bend has a fine opera house, a public library, a 

 hospital, and 4 hotels. 



Springfield, a city, the county seat of Hamp- 

 den County, Mass., on the east bank of Connecti- 

 cut river, 98 miles west of Boston and 136 miles 

 northeast of New York. When settled in 1636 

 as Agawam, it included 14 towns, which have 

 since been set off. Springfield was incorporated 

 as a city in 1852, and the population in 1890 was 

 44,000. Five lines of 4 railroads enter the fine 

 new union station built by the Boston and Al- 

 bany Railroad in 1889 at a cost of $750,000. The 

 Boston and Albany has a branch to Athol, and 

 beside these there are the Connecticut River, 

 New York, New Haven and Hartford, Spring- 

 field division of the New York and New England. 

 The National Armory was located in Springfield 

 in 1794, the site being selected by Washington. 

 About 350 men are employed in the institution, 

 to which two large brick shops have been added 

 recently, and a third will soon be built. During 

 the civil war the armory employed 3,000 men, and 

 could equip a regiment a day with Springfield 

 rifles. The manufactures include the Smith 

 & Wesson Revolver Works, the Barney & Berry 

 Skate Factory, the National Needle Company, 

 the Morgan Envelope Company, the Wason Car 

 Works, and the Milton BradJey Company, man- 

 ufacturers of toys. The headquarters of G. & C. 

 Merriam & Co., publishers of Webster's Dic- 

 tionary, are also in the city. There are 9 na- 

 tional banks, 3 savings banks, a trust company, 

 clearing house, and co-operative bank. The city 

 has 2 fire and a life insurance company, 3 daily 

 and several weekly newspapers. There are 33 

 church buildings, beside several mission chapels. 

 The Jews also have a society and maintain a 

 synagogue. The public-school system is well 

 maintained with 150 teachers and about 7,500 

 pupils. There are a high school, a normal train- 

 ing school, a manual training school, and 31 

 school -houses. The Roman Catholics also main- 

 tain 2 parochial schools, with an attendance of 

 1,300. Of the $1,177,528 debt of the city, the 

 larger part was contracted in building the Lud- 

 low reservoir water supply, containing over 

 2.000,000.000 gallons. A fine brown-stone post- 

 office building was erected in 1889, at a cost of 

 $150,000. The city streets are lined with shade 

 trees, and there are excellent public parks and 

 gardens, including Forest Park, containing over 

 200 acres, laid out in 1884 and added to since. 

 The free public library building contains over 

 75,000 volumes, a museum, and the beginnings 

 of an art gallery. The educational and charita- 

 ble institutions include the Springfield Hospital, 

 dedicated in 1889, the School fpr Christian Work- 

 ers, French Protestant College, Homes for the 

 Friendless, Home for Aged Women, and Chris- 

 tian Industrial and Manual Training School. 



Springfield, a city and the county seat of 

 Greene County, Mo., 243 miles from St. Louis, 

 received its city charter in 1855. In 1870 the 

 Atlantic and Pacific Railroad was extended 



from Rolla to Springfield, and North Spring- 

 field was laid out. The two cities voted for 

 consolidation March, 1888, and are now undei 

 one municipal government. The population in 

 1860 was 1,500 ; in 1870 it was 4,500 ; in 188C 

 (exclusive of North Springfield) it was 6,522 ; in 

 1890 it was 21,842, an increase of 15,320 (234-9C 

 per cent.). The assessed valuation of city prop- 

 erty in 1880 was $976,875 real estate and $344,523 

 personal. In 1888 it was $3,869,562 real estate 

 and 1,677,720 personal. The tax levy in 1888, 

 for all purposes, was 70 cents per $100, and the 

 net indebtedness was $44,000, in 6 per -cent, 

 bonds. The annual revenue derived from licenses 

 and direct taxation is $60,000. In 1881 the 

 Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad was 

 completed. The general repair and machine 

 shops of this road, and of the St. Louis and Sai 

 Francisco, are at Springfield, nearly $1,000,00( 

 having been expended on the plant of the last 

 which employs more than 900 men. Of the 

 $300,000 expended in the construction of the 

 shops of the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf 

 $20,000 were contributed by the city of Spring- 

 field. In these shops 400 men are employed. It 

 1888 the city pledged $100,000 to the construe- 

 tion of another railroad line, surveyed anc 

 located from Springfield to Chicago, via Hanni- 

 bal, on the Mississippi river, giving transporta- 

 tion direct to the lakes. In 1889 the aggregat< 

 capital of 7 banks was $825,000. Five building 

 and loan associations were also in operation 

 The total value of church property, owned bj 

 28 churches, was $500,000. The number 01 

 public-school buildings in Springfield in 1887 

 88 was 9, with 1 high school. The value oj 

 school property was $365,000. Forty -sever 

 teachers were employed, and the average daih 

 attendance was 2,377. Water works supply watei 

 to a reservoir having a capacity of 3,500,000 gal- 

 lons from a mountain spring 3 miles northwesl 

 of the city limits flowing from a cavern thai 

 opens out of the Ozark mountains. The com- 

 bined, or reservoir and direct-pressure system 

 is in use. In 1889 there were 30 miles of mains 

 and 155 fire hydrants. Two hundred and fiffa 

 miles of telephone wire were in use in 1889, witr 

 gas and electric lights, and 6 miles of streel 

 railway. The value of the manufactured prod- 

 ucts of the city in 1888 was near $3,000,000, 

 The establishments included 1 pork -packing 

 house with capital of $150,000, 1 barbed-wire 

 and 5 galvanized-iron works, 3 lime and cement, 

 1 furniture, 1 ale and beer, 3 candy, 4 brick, 4 

 carriage, and 1 wagon factories, 10 of tobacco, 1 

 cooperage with capital of $60,000, 5 flour mills 

 with aggregate capital of $250,000, 2 corn and 

 4 planing mills, 3 foundries and machine shops, 

 3 saddle and harness, 1 mattress factory, and 

 minor industries. Annual fairs are held at 

 Springfield by an association owning property 

 in 'land and public buildings valued at $250,000, 

 The opera house, erected in 1887, cost $75,000, 

 The city is the seat of a United States district 

 court, and also of a land office. Five daily, 1 

 bi-weekly, and 8 weekly newspapers are issued, in 

 addition to 3 monthly publications. 



Spring-field, a city and the county seat of 

 Clarke County, Ohio. The railroad facilities, 5 

 distinct systems, afford transportation with con- 

 venience to any part of the country. The Citi- 



