COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. 



159 



previous year. The export of copper ore declined 

 from 38,062 to 36,840 tons, while that of ingots, 

 bars, and old copper grew from 14,334,043 to 20,- 

 237 409 pounds. The exports of cotton increased 

 from 4,872,060 bales, or 2,384,816,669 pounds, to 

 5,020,913 bales, weighing altogether 2,471,799,853 

 pounds. The total quantity was never exceed- 

 ed, and only once was the value greater. That 

 was in 1866, at the time of the cotton famine, 

 when the value was $30,000,000 greater, although 

 the exports were only one quarter as great in 

 quantity as in 1890. The export of Sea Island 

 cotton, which is included in this total, was 9,220,- 

 819 pounds, against 6,419,569 pounds in 1889. 

 The export of colored piece goods was 42,309,770 

 yards, against 40,856,329 in 1889 ; of white and 

 gray cloths, 75,716,490 yards, against 77,596,862, 

 making the total export almost exactly the same 

 in each of the two years. The export of cured 

 codfish increased from 15,625,928 to 17,030.019 

 pounds ; of herring, from 2,404,433 to 3,663,024 

 pounds ; of canned salmon from 28,393,140 to 

 28,781,661 pounds. In rope and cordage there 

 was. an increase from 7,533,185 to 10,006,691 

 pounds. The export of dried apples fell from 

 22,102,579 to 20,861,480 pounds, and that of green 

 apples almost 50 per cent., or from 942,406 bar- 

 rels, valued at $2,249,375, to 453,506 barrels, 

 valued at $1,231,436. Of glucose or grape sugar 

 there were exported 38,256,161 pounds, against 

 31,285,220 pounds in 1890 ; of glue, 728,696 

 pounds, against 534,203 ; of gunpowder, 733,983 

 pounds, against 908,547; of hops, 7,540,854 

 pounds, against 12,589,262 ; of nibber boots and 

 shoes, 171,473 pairs, against 91,465 pairs. In the 

 class of the iron and steel exports machinery ad- 

 vanced from $7,166,748 to $8,954,776; cutlery, 

 from $102,252 to $102,851: locks, hinges, and 

 other builders' hardware, from $1,700,390 to 

 $1,985,794; cut nails, from $290,757 to $311,250; 

 other nails and tacks, from $157,389 to $160,389 ; 

 printing presses, from $223,990 to $317,336; 

 steel rails, from $235,377 to $315,016 ; sew- 

 ing machines, from $2,247,875 to $2,793,780 ; 

 scales and balances, from $301,486 to $318,- 

 749 ; locomotive engines, from $1,227,149 to 

 $1,280,606 ; stationary engines, from $133,473 

 to $305,478 ; boilers and parts of engines, from 

 $267,394 to $570,915 ; wire, from $594,616 to 

 $780,222; and various other manufactures of 

 iron and steel showed together an increase from 

 $2,644,013 to $3,194,825, almost the only articles 

 that did not partake in the general improvement 

 being firearms, the export of which diminished 

 from $820,933 to $797,564, and saws and tools, 

 which^show a decline from $1,980,878 to 1,865,- 

 503. The export of sole leather increased from 

 35,558,945 to 39,595,219 pounds, that of upper 

 and other leather in proportion, and that of 

 boots and shoes from 518,750 to 587,106 pair, but 

 harness and saddlery and other leather articles 

 show a diminution of trade. The export of rosin 

 increased from 1,420,218 to 1,601,379 pounds. 

 The export of oil cake and oil meal was 711,704,- 

 373 pounds in 1890, against 588,317,880 pounds 

 in 1889. Lard oil was exported to the extent of 

 1,214,611 gallons, against 861,303, and fish oil to 

 the extent of 1,844,041, against 483,208. Of 

 crude petroleum the shipments aggregated 95,- 

 50,653, against 72,987,383 ; of naphthas, 12,937,- 

 433, against 14,100,054 gallons; of refined il- 



luminating oil, 523,295,090, against 502,257,455 

 gallons ; of lubricating and paraffine oil, 30,162,- 

 522, against 25,166,913 gallons. The export of 

 cotton-seed oil suddenly expanded from 2,690,- 

 700 to 13,384,385 gallons. The increase in the 

 paper exports was not in writing paper, which 

 declined, but in paper hangings and in other 

 kinds. The export of paraffine and paraffine 

 wax was in quantity 48,552,551 pounds, as com- 

 pared with 33,826,575 pounds in 1889. In the 

 class called provisions, comprising meat and 

 dairy products, the exports of canned beef in- 

 creased from 51,025,254 pounds, valued at $4,- 

 375,213, to 82,666,247 pounds, valued at $6,787,- 

 193 ; fresh beef, from 137,895,391 pounds, of the 

 value of $11,481,861, to 173,237,596, valued at 

 $12,862,384; salted and pickled beef, from 55,- 

 006,399 to 97,508,419 pounds, or in value from 

 $3,043,324 to $5,250,068; tallow, from 77,844,- 

 555 to 112,745,370 pounds, or in value from $3,- 

 942,024 to $5,242,158; bacon, from 357,377,399 

 pounds, valued at $29,872,231, to 531,899,677 

 pounds, valued at $39,149,635 ; hams, from 42,- 

 847,247 to 76,591,279 pounds, in value from $4,- 

 733,415 to $7,907,125; pickled pork, from 64,- 

 110,845 pounds, of the value of $4,733,415, to 

 79,788,868 pounds, the low price of which brought 

 the value down to $4,735,488 ; lard, from 318,- 

 242,990 pounds, valued at $27,329,173, to 471,- 

 083,598 pounds, valued at $33,455,520 ; imitation 

 butter, from 2,192,047 pounds, valued at $250.- 

 605, to 2,535,926 pounds, valued at $297,264; 

 oleomargarine oil, from 28,102,534 pounds, val- 

 ued at $2,664,492, to 68,218,098 pounds, valued 

 at $6,476,258 ; butter, from 15,504,978 pounds, 

 valued at $2,568,765, to 29,748,042 pounds, val- 

 ued at $4,187,489 ; cheese, from 84,999,828 

 pounds, valued at $7.889,671, to 95,376,053 

 pounds, valued at $8,591,042. The. export of 

 quicksilver declined from 575,856 to 317,511 

 pounds. The clover-seed export was much less 

 than in the previous year, 26.500,578 instead of 

 34,253,137 pounds ; in timothy seed there was an 

 increase from 10,200,673 to 11,051,053 pounds. 

 The trade in the common grades of soap leaped 

 up from 19,484,006 to 26,432,953 pounds. The 

 shipments of whisky abroad were greatly re- 

 duced from the figures of 1889, bourbon falling 

 from 1,292,329 to^ 507,939; rye, from 383,805 to 

 121,506; and other sorts, from 294,840 to 211,210 

 proof gallons; while rum rose from 445,589 to 

 555,749; and alcohol, from 276,726 to 307,726 

 gallons. Turpentine shows an augmentation 

 from 9,681,759 to 11,248,920 gallons. The starch 

 export also grew from 7,228,193 to 9,168,097 

 pounds. In the export of refined sugar there 

 was a sudden bound from 14,167,216 to 27,018,- 

 002 pounds ; in molasses the increase was from 

 5,347,960 to 6,031,038 gallons. The exports of 

 leaf tobacco, with those of stems and trim- 

 mings, were 255,647,026 pounds, against 223,- 

 759,232. The demand for American cigarettes 

 rose from 236,727 to 265,001 thousand, and other 

 manufactured tobacco exhibits a slight increase, 

 no greater than the improved supply would in- 

 dicate. Beans, potatoes, and canned vegetables 

 show a large decrease, the effect of the extensive 

 failure of garden crops. The export trade in 

 American wine expands very slowly, and is still 

 almost too insignificant to notice, only about 

 410,000 gallons. The exports of manufactures 



