DENMARK. 



249 



11, 1875 ; Gen. J. J. Bahnson, Minister of War, 

 ippointed Sept. 13, 1884; Commander N. F. 

 Ravn, Minister of Marine, appointed Jan. 4, 1879 ; 

 md J. F. Scavenius, Minister of Public Instruc- 

 tion and Ecclesiastical Affairs, appointed Aug. 

 20, 1880. 



Area and Population. The population of 

 the kingdom on Jan. 1, 1886, was estimated to 

 be 2,108,000. Between 1870 and 1880 it in- 

 creased 10 per cent. Of the total population 

 16'9 per cent, were dependent on agriculture, 22*9 

 per cent, on industry, 6*8 per cent, on com- 

 merce, and 2*7 per cent, on seafaring occupations 

 iccording to the census of 1880. Copenhagen, 

 he capital, had a population, with its suburbs, of 

 286,900 in 1887. The number of births in 1887 

 ivas 69,417; of deaths, 40,645 ; of marriages, 14,- 

 ?26. The emigrants in 1888, nearly all of w r hom 

 svent to the United States, numbered 8,659, 

 igainst 8,801 in 1887, .6,263 in 1886, 4,346 in 1885, 

 5,307 in 1884, and 8.375 in 1883. All but 1 

 aer cent, of the population belong to the Lu- 

 ;heran Church, which is the established religion. 

 3f those who do not one-third are Jews and one- 

 :hird are Baptists. Children are compelled by 

 aw to attend school from the age of seven to 

 ihat of fourteen. 



Commerce and Production. The total 

 ralue of the imports in 1888 was 274,401,000, 

 troner (1 kroner=26 cents), against 250,668,000 

 n 1887 and 211,613,697 in 1886 ; the value of the 

 ixports was 192,699,000 kroner, against 187,873,- 

 m in 1887 and 166,746,742 in 1886. In the im- 

 ports in 1887 the class of food stuffs was repre- 

 iented by 88,300,000 kroner, against 73,600,000 in 

 L886; manufactures by 64,300,000, against 54,800,- 

 )00 ; raw materials by 84,000,000, against 69,400,- 

 )00 ; and machinery and other means of produc- 

 ion by 14,100,000, against 13,800,000 kroner. On 

 ,he side of the exports food products figured for 

 t39,700,000 kroner, against 124,200,000; manu- 

 'actured articles for 10,300,000, against 10,600,- 

 )00; raw products for 25,500,000, against 21,700,- 

 )00; and means of production for 12,300,000, 

 igainst 10,300,000. The values of the principal 

 irticles of import and export in 1888 were as fol- 

 ow, in kroner : 



Frade has increased in volume as well as in 

 ralue during the past three or four years. The 

 mports from Great Britain in 1888 were 62,548,- 

 128 kroner, against 56,691,612 kroner in 1887, 

 md the exports to Great Britain were 116,126,- 

 )46 kroner, against 82,079,208. This growth 

 ivas clue to increased exports of pork, bacon, 

 :mtter, eggs, wheat, and barley. The German im- 

 ports rose from 90.581,904 to 100,280,790 kroner, 

 ivhile the exports to Germany fell away from 60.- 

 147,864 to 35,969,988 kroner, owing in part to 

 restrictions placed by the German Government 

 :>n the importation of pork and live hogs. Im- 

 ports from Sweden and Norway amounted in 



1888 to 43,467,882, from Russia, to 25,657,146 ; 

 from the United States, to 9,656,802 ; from Hol- 

 land, to 6,401,988 ; from Belgium, to 5,889,798 ; 

 from France, to 5,131, 188; from the Danish col- 

 onies, to 3,321,818 kroner. The exports to Swe- 

 den and Norway were 25,589,412, to the Danish 

 colonies 3,781,368, to Russia 3,516,570, to the 

 United States 1,979,136, to France 1,589,886 

 kroner. Since the introduction of mechanical 

 cream-separators, about 1880, the export trade in 

 dairy products has grown enormously, and in- 

 stead of exporting grain, as it did formerly, the 

 country imports large quantities of Indian corn 

 and other food products. The exports of but- 

 ter have risen from 19,000,000 pounds in 1883 to 

 nearly 60,000,000 pounds. The cows are groomed 

 and carded regularly every day, and their fod- 

 der is selected with care," including universally 

 a pound of colza cake. The dearness of Indian 

 corn has led to the more general use of rye, and 

 from this has grown a large new industry, the 

 manufacture of yeast, of w'hich 1,748,396 pounds 

 were exported to Great Britain and other coun- 

 tries in 1888. 



Navigation. The number of vessels that 

 were entered at Danish ports in 1888 was 24,721,. 

 with 1,941,820 tons of cargo ; the number cleared 

 was 24,352, carrying 474,039 tons. Besides these, 

 27,237 coasting vessels were entered and 27,880' 

 cleared. The number of vessels registered in 

 Denmark and the colonies on Jan. 1, 1889, was 

 3,344, of 270,941 tons, and of these 293, of 96,- 

 650 tons, were steamers. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. Of 

 1,214 miles of railroads open to traffic, about 

 1,000 miles are the property of the Government. 

 The postal traffic in 1887 was 42,000.465 letters 

 and cards, 4,392,018 newspapers, and 3,819,344 

 samples and circulars. The telegraph service 

 of the State in 1888 transmitted 1,469,812 mes- 

 sages, of which 590,858 were internal, 945,824 

 international, and 33,130 official. The length of 

 the lines at the end of 1888 was 3,674 miles, with 

 10,280 miles of wire ; but of these lines only 2,700 

 belonged to the State, the rest being the property 

 of the railroad companies. 



Colonies. Iceland, which has its own Legis- 

 lature, has an area of 39,756 square miles, and in 

 1880 contained 72,445 inhabitants. A year or 

 two later began an exodus to Canada and the 

 United States that has grown steadily ever since, 

 almost depopulating the northern and eastern 

 districts, where agricultural work is carried on 

 under great difficulties. In 1883 the population 

 was 71,613, and in 1887, when 2,000 persons left 

 the island, it had fallen to 69,224, although the 

 excess of births over deaths was about 640 each 

 year, thus showing a loss in four years of nearly 

 5,000 persons by emigration. The emigrants 

 settled in the Northwest Provinces of the Domin- 

 ion of Canada and in the adjacent parts of the 

 United States, and have sent such favorable re- 

 ports of their new homes that the movement is 

 likely to increase, promoted as it has been by .a 

 succession of bad harvests and the destruction 

 of the fishing industry through the competition 

 of foreign steam fishing-boats. 



The Danish shore of Greenland has an area 

 that is estimated at 46,740 square miles, and the 

 population is returned as 9,780 souls. The im- 

 ports from the mother country in 1887 were 



