368 



GERMANY. 



likewise. The statistics of the occupation of 

 emigrants in 1889 are as follow: Agriculture and 

 forestry, 15*8 per cent. ; industry, mining, and 

 building, 16'7 per cent. ; trade and commerce, 9 

 per cent. ; liberal professions and state service, 

 1-5 per cent. ; labor and service, 24 - 9 per cent. ; 

 no occupation given, 32'1 per cent. A large pro- 

 portion of the emigrants, both male and female, 

 ranged between the ages of 21 and 30. Of the 

 total number 45 per cent, were females, while in 

 the entire population the proportion of females 

 is 51 per cent. 



Finances. The ordinary expenditure of the 

 Imperial Government increased from 446,511,000 

 marks per annum in the five years 1885-'89 to 

 507,247,000 marks in the following quinquennial 

 period, and since 1884 has continued to grow 

 steadily, having been 571,011,000 marks in 1885, 

 594,302,000 marks in 1886, 625.562,000 marks in 

 1887, 697,036,000 marks in 1888, and 802,555,000 

 marks in 1889. The extraordinary expenditure, 

 chiefly for military purposes, which was 67.970,- 

 000 marks in 1887, was increased to 170,898,000 

 marks in 1888 and to 401,213,000 marks in 1889. 

 In 1888 the army and navy absorbed 413,310,000 

 marks of the ordinary and 164,339,000 marks of 

 the extraordinary expenditure, while 21,176,000 

 marks went for the debt and 278,109,000 for the 

 general expenses. In 1889 the ordinary military 

 expenditure was 414,102.000 marks ; the extraor- 

 dinary, 366,162,000 marks; the expenses of the 

 debt, 30,603,000 marks ; and the general expenses 

 of Government, 392,901,000 marks. The total 

 revenue for the year ending March 31, 1891, is 

 estimated at 1,208,664,739 marks, including 277,- 

 700,307 marks of extraordinary receipts. The re- 

 ceipts from customs and excise duties are esti- 

 mated at 537,399,140 marks : from stamps, 30,- 

 279,000 marks ; from posts and telegraphs, 32,- 

 719,226 marks; from the imperial printing office, 

 1,175,880 marks; from railroads, 20,003,000 

 marks ; from the Imperial Bank, 1,383,500 marks ; 

 from various departments, 11,535,483 marks; in- 

 terest of the Invalid fund, 25,837,893 marks ; in- 

 terest of imperial funds, 539,000 marks; from 

 various sources. 406,479 marks ; Federal contribu- 

 tions, 269.685,831 marks. The total ordinary ex- 

 penditure for 1891 is 849,614,835 marks, divided 

 as follows: Reichstag, 383,370 marks; Chancel- 

 lery, 147,960 marks ; Foreign Affairs, 8,835,515 

 marks; Interior, 8,516,384 marks; army, 376,- 

 800,813 marks ; navy, 48,287,595 marks ; Ministry 

 of Justice, 1,860,096 marks ; Imperial Treasury. 

 303,509,268 marks; railroads, 299,830 marks: 

 debt, 46,622,500 marks; audit, 555,048 marks; 

 Pension fund, 37,958,563 marks; Invalid fund, 

 25,837,893 marks. The extraordinary expendi- 

 ture amounts to 359,049,904 marks, including 

 a deficit of 20,198,738 marks in the accounts 

 for 1889-'90. The extraordinary expenditure for 

 the army is 243,962,152 marks; for the navy, 

 50.493,570 marks; for the interior, 25,856,635 

 marks ; for posts and telegraphs, 8,191, 159 marks. 

 In 1889-'90 the revenue from the manufacture 

 of spirits was 7,686,219 marks below the estimate, 

 and the tax on the consumption of spirits pro- 

 duced 18,734,825 marks less than was expected ; 

 but an increase of 13,929,558 marks in the stamp 

 revenue, and of 11,951,707 marks in the Bourse 

 tax. counterbalanced this, and similar increases 

 in the brewing tax, the private-lottery tax, in the 



taxes on salt, tobacco, and sugar, and in many 

 other items made the total revenue 78,239,381 

 marks more than the estimate. 



The funded debt of the empire in 1889 con- 

 sisted of 450,000,000 marks of 4-per-cent. bonds 

 and 368,787,000 marks raised at 3-J- per cent. 

 Further issues sufficient to realize 711,119.921 

 marks were authorized, and it was estimated 

 that 329.435,750 marks would have to be raised 

 to meet the extraordinary expenditure of 1889- 

 '90. There is an unfunded debt, represented by 

 treasury bills, of which 126,552,405 marks were 

 in circulation on April 1, 1889. 



The amount of the Invalid fund at the end of 

 February, 1889, was 482,551,218 marks, besides 

 3,518,375 Frankfort florins and 5,271,286 silver 

 marks. Of the fund for the construction of 

 fortresses 2,524,200 marks remained. The fund 

 for the construction of the Reichstag palace was 

 17,641,200 marks. Besides these invested funds 

 there was the war treasure, 120,000,000 marks in 

 gold, in the fortress at Spandau. 



The budgets of the several states composing 

 the empire (except that of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 

 which is not published), with their debts, incurred 

 mainly for railroad construction and in several 

 instances more than covered by the value of re- 

 productive public works, are given, in German 

 marks, in the following table, the figures relat- 

 ing in most cases to 1890 and in others to 1889 : 



The Prussian budget for the year ending 

 March 31, 1891, makes the total revenue 1,591,- 

 673,942 marks, of which 82,682,334 marks are 

 derived from domains and forests, 165,746,800 

 marks from direct taxes, 67,349,000 marks from 

 indirect taxes, 8,291,500 marks from the state 

 lottery, 2,052,000 marks from the Marine Bank, 

 246,320 marks from the mint. 121,282,170 marks 

 from mines, salt works, and iron furnaces. 851,- 

 685,405 marks from state railways, 223,938,522 

 marks from the finance administration, and 

 68,899,891 from the various ministries. The 

 total expenditure is estimated at 1,591,673.942 

 marks, balancing the revenue. The total work- 

 ing expenditure is 710.011,757 marks, of which 

 39,519,180 marks represent expenditure on do- 



