GERMANY. 



371 



Another division is added to the Bavarian army. 

 The bill entailed a non-recurring expenditure of 

 40,000,000 marks and a permanent addition to 

 the military budget of 18,000,000 marks. It pro- 

 vides for rewarding non-commissioned officers 

 with bounties, in order to induce men who are 

 qualified to promote the instruction and dis- 

 cipline of the troops to remain in the army. 

 The article in the German Constitution limiting 

 the peace strength of the army to 1 per cent, of 

 the population, although operative only till par- 

 liamentary legislation began, has generally been 

 accepted as the maximum, and during the de- 

 bate Gen. von Capri vi gave it as his opinion that 

 the next census would show that this percentage 

 had not been exceeded. Eugen Richter made a 

 strong plea for a two years' term of service, but 

 his motion was supported by none but the Freis- 

 innige, Democratic, and Social Democratic par T 

 ties. Another Government bill to increase the 

 salaries of all officers up to and including the 

 grade of major, as well as those of intermediate 

 civil officials, failed of passage. The military 

 expenditures already sanctioned rendered new 

 taxes necessary. In the third supplementary 

 budget, presented to the Federal Council in 

 June, the Minister of War asked for 42,000,000 

 marks, of which 15,000,000 marks were for the 

 artillery, 12,000,000 marks for drilling the re- 

 serves in the use of the new rifle, and the rest for 

 the purchase of rifles, except a sum devoted to 

 garrison buildings in Alsace-Lorraine. 



Germany is divided into eleven fortress-in- 

 spection districts. In the Konigsberg district 

 are the flrst-class fortress or fortified camp of 

 Konigsberg, the coast forts at Memel and Pillau, 

 and the fortress of Boyen ; in the Dantsic dis- 

 trict are coast fortresses at Dantsic, Colberg, 

 Stralsund, and Swinemiinde : the Posen district 

 has two places of arms or fortified camps at Ro- 

 sen and Neisse, a minor fortress at Glatz. and a 

 railroad blockade fort at Glogau. In the Berlin 

 district are the first-class fortresses of Kiistrin, 

 Magdeburg, and Spandau and the forts for rail- 

 road obstruction at Konigstein and Torgau ; the 

 district of Mayence has three strong places of 

 the first class in Mayence, Rastatt, and Ulm ; in 

 the Metz district the first-class fortress or forti- 

 fied camp of Metz is flanked by the railroad-ob- 

 struction forts at Bitsch and Diedenhofen : the 

 Cologne district has the fortified camps of Co- 

 logne and Coblenz, the fortress of Ehrenbreit- 

 stein, and railroad - blockade fortifications at 

 Diisseldorf, Wesel, and Saarlouis ; in the Kiel 

 district, besides the first-class fortress of Sonder- 

 burg-Duppel, there are coast fortifications at the 

 mouths of the Ems, the Elbe, and the Weser, 

 and at Wilhelmshaven, Kiel. Friedrichsort, and 

 Travemunde ; in the Thorn district is a fortified 

 camp at Thorn, with smaller fortresses at Grau- 

 denz. Marienburg, and Dirschau : the Strasburg 

 district has the great fortress. at Strasburg and 

 minor works at Neu Breisach; in the Munich 

 district is a first-class fortress to serve as a for- 

 tified camp at Ingolstadt, besides which the only 

 effective fortifications are the works built to 

 command the railroad at Germersheim. 



The Navy. The German steam navy on 

 March 31, 1889, including vessels in process of 

 construction, but not yet completed, was com- 

 posed as follows : 



The " Kaiser " and " Deutschland " are iron 

 vessels with 10 inches of side armor carrying 

 eight 23-ton and seven 4-ton guns ; the " Kb'nig 

 Wilhelm," of 9,757 tons 'displacement, has 12 

 inches of armor at the water line, and is armed 

 with eighteen 14|-ton, four 12-ton, and seven 4- 

 ton guns ; " Friedrich der Grosse " and " Preus- 

 sen," with 9-inch plates and 6,770 tons displace- 

 ment, carry four 18-ton and two 6-ton guns; 

 " Friedrich Karl " and " Kronprinz " have 5-inch 

 armor and are armed with sixteen 9-inch guns : 

 " Sachsen," " Bayern," " Wiirtemberg," and 

 " Baden," with iron hulls protected at the wa- 

 ter line with 10-inch armor, have 7,400 tons dis- 

 placement and 5,600 indicated horse-power, and 

 carry eight 19-ton guns apiece; the "Olden- 

 burg," built of iron and steel, has llf -inch armor, 

 and is armed with ten such guns. All these iron- 

 clads can steam from 12 to 14 knots an hour. 

 The ironclad gun vessels for coast defense, hav- 

 ing a displacement of 1,109 tons, are all plated 

 with 8 inches of armor, and each carries a single 

 36-ton gun, except the ''Arminius." of older 

 type, which has 4^-inch armor, and is armed 

 with four 9-ton guns. The "Brernse" and 

 " Brummer "- are small deck - protected steel 

 cruisers with a speed of 14| knots, each carrying 

 one 12|-ton gun ; the " Irene " and " Prinzessin 

 Wilhelm," built of steel and wood, and launched 

 in 1887, are armed with fourteen 6-ton guns, and, 

 having engines of 8,000 indicated horse-power, 

 with a displacement of 4,400 tons, are designed 

 to make 18 knots an hour. The German navy 

 has 134 torpedo vessels of all kinds, including 

 5 gunboats of from 250 to 320 tons, capable of 

 making 21 or 22 knots ; 6 dispatch vessels of 

 from 960 to 2,000 tons, built and engined for a 

 speed of 16 to 21 knots ; a torpedo ship and a 

 torpedo tender, the latter launched in 1876 and 

 the former in 1877 ; 63 torpedo boats of from 75 

 to 85 tons, capable of a speed of 20 to 22 knots ; 

 49 torpedo boats of 50 tons, showing a speed of 

 18| or 19 knots, and 9 small torpedo boats. The 

 vessels building in the beginning of 1890 were 

 4 belted cruisers of 9,000 or 10,000 tons: 9 

 armored vessels for coast defense, having 3.800 

 tons displacement: 1 deck-protected cruiser of 

 4,230 tons and 8.000 horse-power; 1 torpedo 

 gunboat of 2,000 tons and 5,000 horse-power, 

 designed for a speed of 19 knots ; 1 equally 

 fleet torpedo dispatch vessel of 1,240 tons and 

 4,000 horse-power; and 2 fast gun vessels of 

 1.120 tons. A torpedo dispatch boat, the " Me- 

 teor," which was launched in January, 1890, is 

 designed for a speed of 24 knots, and two more, 

 of the same new type, are in construction, which 

 will give the German navy 10 avisos, most of 

 them of superior design, not including the new 



