372 



GERMANY. 



imperial yacht that is being built at a cost of 

 4,500,000 marks. 



Shipping and Navigation. The merchant 

 navy in the beginning of 1889 comprised 2,885 

 sailing vessels of 731.315 tons, and 750 steamers of 

 502,579 tons, making the total number of 3,635 

 vessels, with an aggregate tonnage of 1,233,894 

 tons. Of the sailing vessels 921. of 205,575 tons, 

 and of the steamers 342, of 120.102 tons, belonged 

 to ports on the Baltic, while 1.964 sailing vessels, 

 of 525,740 tons, and 750 steamers, of 382,477 tons, 

 belonged to North Sea ports. Of the total ship- 

 ping, 2,255 vessels, of 354,213 tons, were Prus- 

 sian. Of the total number of sailing vessels 8, 

 and of the steamers 30 were over 2,000 tons ; 173 

 sailing vessels and 155 steamers were between 

 1,000 and 2,000 tons; 276 sailing vessels and 164 

 steamers were from 500 to 1,000 tons ; 1,004 sail- 

 ing vessels 'and 193 steamers were from 100 to 

 500 tons ; and 1,633 sailing vessels and 175 steam- 

 ers were below 100 tons. 



The total number of vessels entered at German 

 ports in 1888 was 62.482, of 11,940,980 tons, of 

 which 52,121, of 10,713.470 tons, were with car- 

 goes, and of the latter 35,380, of 5.228,250 tons, 

 were German, 4,892, of 3,304,449 tons were Brit- 

 ish, and the rest were mainly Danish, Swedish, 

 Norwegian, and Russian. The total number 

 cleared in 1888 was 62,605. of 12,022.619 tons, of 

 which 46,618, of 8,723,212 tons, carried cargoes, 

 including 33,393 German ships, of 4,694,058 tons, 

 and 3.358, of 2,039,391 tons, sailing under the 

 British flag. At Hamburg, 8,013 ships, of 4.405,- 

 966 tons, were entered ; at Bremen, 2,212 ships, 

 of 1,178,734 tons ; at Stettin, 3.119 ships, of 1,043,- 

 972 tons ; at Dantsic, 2,164 ships, of 631,942 tons ; 

 at Lubeck and Travemiind, 2,485 ships, of 493,- 

 130 tons ; at Kiel, 3.606 ships, of 488,274 tons ; at 

 Konigsberg, 1.770 ships, of 443,740 tons. Of the 

 vessels engaged in the coasting trade and inland 

 navigation. 20,390 in all, 19,989 had a tonnage of 

 2,100,705 tons. 



Commerce and Production. The general 

 commerce in 1888 had a total value of 5,094,216,- 

 000 marks for imports and 4,863,031,000 marks 

 for exports. The special imports were valued at 

 3,435,877.000 marks. The imports of live ani- 

 mals were 155,664.000 marks in value; of ani- 

 mal products, 81.022,000 marks; of articles of 

 food and consumption, 751,287,000 marks: of 

 seeds and plants, 42,596,000 marks; of fuel, 71,- 

 000,000 marks; of fats and oils, 215,279,000 

 marks ; of chemicals, drugs, dyes, etc., 242,845,- 

 000 marks; of stone, clay, and glass wares, 

 51,193,000 marks; of metals and metal wares, 

 317,150.000 marks: of timber and wood manu- 

 factures, 170,696,000 marks; of paper manufact- 

 ures, 14,226,000 marks: of leather and leather 

 manufactures, 167,321,000 marks: of textiles 

 and textile materials. 1.025,425.000 marks; of 

 caoutchouc, etc., 28,402.000 marks; of machin- 

 ery, instruments, etc., 49,960,000 marks ; of hard- 

 ware, 25.520,000 marks ; of books, art works, etc., 

 26.291,000 marks. The special exports amount- 

 ed to the sum of 3,352,602,000 marks. The ex- 

 ports of live animals were of the value of 94,- 

 507,000 marks; of animal products, 21.151,000 

 marks; of articles of consumption, 391,389,000 

 marks; of seeds and plants, 26.178.000 marks; 

 of fuel, 115,099,000 marks; of fats and oils, 26,- 

 600,000 marks; of chemicals, drugs, etc., 236,- 



109,000 marks : of stone, clay, and glass wares, 

 117,409.000 marks ; of metals and metal goods, 

 486,699,000 marks ; of wood manufactures, 113,- 

 008,000 marks ; of paper goods. 94,631.000 marks ; 

 of leather and leather goods, 236,922,000 marks: 

 of textiles, 1,075,239,000 marks ; of rubber goods, 

 etc., 23,046,000 marks ; of machinery, instru- 

 ments, etc., 136,189,000 marks ; of hardware, etc., 

 85,369,000 marks ; of books, art works, etc., 72,- 

 396,000 marks; of other articles, 661,000 marks. 

 The import of horses was valued at 74.877,000 

 marks ; swine, 35,599.000 marks : wheat, 48,926,- 

 000 marks; rye. 58.753,000 marks: barley, 50,- 

 038,000 marks; coffee. 171.987,000 marks ; 'petro- 

 leum, 841,626,000 marks ; hides, 84.077.000 marks ; 

 raw cotton, 213,802.000 marks ; raw wool, 247,- 

 287,000 marks : woolen yarn, 92,833,000 marks ; 

 raw silk, 102,836,000 marks. Some of the chief 

 exports were hops, of the value of 33,365,000 

 marks ; sugar, 158,937,000 marks; coal. 108,068.- 

 000 marks ; aniline dyes, 40.055,000 marks ; wood 

 manufactures, 52,345,000 marks : paper, 57.393,- 

 000 marks; leather goods, 136.631,000 marks; 

 coarse cotton cloth, 55,468.000 marks; silk and 

 cotton mixed goods, 145,644.000 marks ; woolen 

 cloths, 166,996.000 marks; hosiery, 105.781,000 

 marks; trimmings, etc., 104,816,000 murks. 



The commerce with the various foreign coun- 

 tries in 1888 and with the Hanse towns, which 

 since Oct. 15, 1888, have formed a part of the 

 Zollverein, is shown in the following table, values 

 being given in German marks : 



The declared value of the exports to the United 

 States in 1889 was $88.994,712, an increase of $4.- 

 152,741 over the total for 1888. The shipments 

 of woolens to the United States were valued at 

 $5,872,911; of silks and velvets, $6,788,677; of 

 linen, woolen, and cotton goods, $1.871,993; of 

 leather gloves, $1,993,777; of yarns, $754,914; 

 of chemicals, colors, and drugs, $6,368,935 : of 

 rags, $1,132.933 ; of porcelain, china, and earth- 

 enware, $1,750.046: of beer, wine, and liquors, 

 $1,990,369 ; of laces, $664,517 ; of musical instru- 

 ments, $1,547,805; of trimmings, $1.028.339; of 

 paper manufactures, $891,291. Of the total ex- 

 port of damask linen 87 per cent., of the window 

 and mirror glass 77 per cent., of the leather 

 gloves 61 per cent., of cotton hosiery 54 percent., 

 of rags 44 per cent., of half silk ribbons and 

 shawls 41 per cent., of porcelain 40 per cent., of 



