422. 



IDAHO. 



ball field. The regulation size is an oblong 196 

 yards on the longer sides and 140 yards on the 

 shorter. Fields are laid as small as 140 yards by 

 84 yards, and fields larger than the regulation 

 may be used. At each end of the field, near the 

 middle of the shorter boundaries, 4 goal posts 

 are placed 21 feet apart. A bar 10| feet from 

 the ground stretches from the 2 posts in the cen- 

 ter. The object of the game is to send the ball 

 across the goal line below the cross bar and be- 

 tween the middle posts. The regulation number 

 of men on a side is 21, but as few as 14 can play. 

 In taking position the men of one side arrange 

 themselves at one end of the field in the form 

 of a letter " 0," with the letter " I " inserted be- 

 tween its curves. Two guards are stationed at 

 the rear on either side and close to the long 

 boundaries of the field. The opposition side is 

 arranged in like manner at the other end of the 

 field. When the play begins the hurlers stand 

 in long lines through the middle of the field, 

 and touch their opposing implements together 

 as a salutation. The captains having tossed up 

 for a choice of positions, the referee stands a lit- 

 tle apart from the end of the lines and rolls the 

 ball along the ground or tosses it higher than 

 the heads of the players. Each side struggles to 

 send the ball across the goal line that is oppo- 

 site. The ball may be hit with the hurley, or 

 struck with the hand, or kicked. It may not be 

 carried, except upon the hurley itself. If a play- 

 er catches the ball on the fly he may toss it up 

 and bat it, without throwing, in any direction. 

 The ball can not be taken from the ground by 

 the hand. Any violation of this, or of any other 

 of the rules, gives the referee a right to allow 

 the other side a free " puck," as the batting of 



the ball in mid-air is called ; but if this is al- 

 lowed, all the players on the side of the offender 

 must keep 21 yards away until the ball has been 

 struck. Should the ball go over the cross bar 

 or over the goal line between the outside posts 

 of the goal a point is scored ; but the goal is 

 scored only when the ball is sent under the cross 

 bar and between the middle posts. The crossing 

 of the goal line outside of the 4 posts counts for 

 nothing. When a goal or a point has been 

 scored the keeper of the goal has a free puck 

 from his position at the post, and then the play- 

 ers on the opposite side must stand 21 yards 

 away from him. If the ball passes over the side 

 boundaries and does not rebound into the field 

 the referee returns it to the field at the point 

 where the line was crossed. He must throw it 

 so as to touch the ground before it comes within 

 reach of the players, and the players must be 10 

 vards away from the line when the ball is thrown. 

 "When half an hour has passed the referee calls 

 time and the positions of the sides are reversed. 

 The end of the second half-hour's play ends the 

 game. In counting the result one goal out- 

 weighs any number of points, but if no goal has 

 been made on either side the game is allowed to 

 the side that has made the most points. The ref- 

 eree is allowed considerable discretion in interpret- 

 ing the rules that prohibit players from catching, 

 dropping, or pushing other players from behind, 

 and allowing no player to bring his hurley in- 

 tentionally in contact with the person of another 

 player. If a player is disqualified, for breaking 

 these rules, no other player can be substituted 

 on his side. As played in Ireland, hurling is 

 strictly an amateur game. There are no players 

 for salaries or any other compensation. 



IDAHO, a northwestern State, organized 

 March 3, 1863 ; admitted to the Union July 3, 

 1890 ; area, 84,800 square miles ; population, ac- 

 cording to the census of 1890, 84,885 ; capital, 

 Boise City. 



Government. The following were the offi- 

 cers of the Territory until July 3, and of the 

 State thereafter until, in November, the officers 

 elected under the State Constitution qualified : 

 Governor, George L. Shoup, Republican ; Secre- 

 tary, Edward J. Curtis; Treasurer, Charles Him- 

 rod ; Comptroller, James H. Wickersham ; At- 

 torney-General, Richard Z. Johnson; Superin- 

 tendent of Public Instruction, Charles C. Steven- 

 son ; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, James 

 H. Beatty ; Associate Justices, Willis Sweet and 

 Charles H. Berry. 



On Nov. 1, the following State officers were de- 

 clared elected by the State Board of Canvassers, 

 and soon thereafter assumed office ; Governor, 

 George L. Shoup, Republican ; Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor, Norman B. Willey ; Secretary of State, A. J. 

 Pinkham ; Auditor, Silas W. Moody ; Treasurer, 

 Frank R. Coffin ; Attorney-General, George H. 

 Roberts; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

 J. E. Harroun ; Justices of the Supreme Court, 

 Isaac N. Sullivan, Joseph W. Huston, and John 

 T. Morgan. Justice Sullivan drew by lot the 

 shortest term and became thereby Chief Justice. 



Population. The following table shows the 

 population of the State by counties as deter- 

 mined by the national census of 1890 compared 

 with similar returns for 1880 : 



* Decrease. 



County Debts. The total indebtedness of the 

 Idaho counties in 1890 was $1,320,795, of which 

 $858,700 was a bonded debt and $462,095 a float- 

 ing debt. The increase in the total debt in ten 

 years is $1,177,053. 



