INDIA. 



ing forces of the Government, greatly dissatis- 

 fied with this wholesale confiscation, left his 

 post and sent in his resignation. The defection 

 of this useful ally might have serious conse- 

 quences, and therefore the authorities made 

 some arrangement by which he was induced to 

 withdraw his resignation. For the protection of 

 the lessees of the ruby mines, whose concession 

 covers a tract of eight hundred square miles, em- 

 bracing the whole region where precious stones 

 have been found except one or two unworked 

 mines on the Irrawaddy, the Government issued 

 regulations prohibiting all persons from mining 

 or selling rubies except the employes of the com- 

 pany. The heavy penalties decreed in the proc- 

 lamation did not frighten the native miners, who 

 washed out as many rubies as before, which half 

 the population of Mandalay were engaged in 

 smuggling. Consequently the decree was re- 

 voked, and the company imposed a license tax of 

 20 rupees on each miner. Many miners paid 

 this tax, and brought the best rubies to the 

 company's stores for purchase. The company 

 has not yet begun to mine for rubies with hy- 

 draulic machinery as is intended. 



The revolt of the Burmese people against their 

 conquerors has been extinguished, chiefly as the 

 result of the decree of disarmament. Most of 

 the leaders who held out have been killed, and 

 their bands deported. More than 40,000 rifles, 

 muskets, and shotguns have been given up. A 

 strong protest was raised by the Karens and the 

 American missionaries, who have Christianized 

 them and brought them up to a comparatively 

 high state of civilization, against the application 

 of the arms act to them, as they had never 

 given the Government the least trouble. Da- 

 koity in Burmah has become much less preva- 

 lent than before. 



The acts of confiscation and tyranny com- 

 mitted by the Government and the abuses of 

 justice perpetrated by the local officials, who are 

 the dregs of the Indian civil service, unruly spir- 

 its themselves, both ignorant of law and 'prone 

 to violence, came near kindling anew in 1890 

 the smoldering embers of rebellion. A. P. 

 MacDonnell, who acted as chief commissioner 

 for the last three months of 1889, and introduced 

 several reforms, recommended the appointment 

 of a judicial commissioner for Upper Burmah to 

 review and correct the irregularities of the mag- 

 istrates who carelessly dispose of the lives and 

 liberties of the people. Several months later, 

 after several flagrant instances of maladminis- 

 tration had come to light, such an officer was 

 appointed. In the Kyanksai district the police 

 tortured prisoners to extract confessions, 'the 

 magistrate refusing bail, and kept witnesses 

 illegally in jail until they gave the testimony de- 

 sired. Persons deported under the village regu- 

 lations, which permits magistrates to send peo- 

 ple from Upper Burmah to the upper Chindwin 

 on suspicion merely of having abetted rebels, 

 were starved by the contractors, who received 

 money from the Government for feeding them. 



Boh Yanyun, a rebel chief who been pursued 

 for more than a year by the troops and police, 

 surrendered in the early summer on a promise 

 of pardon given by a subordinate magistrate of 

 Myingyan. The surrender was negotiated through 

 a Buddhist priest. The deputy commissioner re- 



1NDIANA. 



437 



pudiated the promise and, after a hasty and 

 irregular trial, sentenced the man to death, al- 

 though no charge of dakoity or murder was 

 proved against him. This breach of faith on the 

 part of the Government caused such a storm of 

 indignation among the Burmans that the home 

 Government, on learning the state of feeling, 

 directed Sir Charles Crossthwaite, the Chief Com- 

 missioner, to suspend the execution of the sen- 

 tence. He had been convicted on the charge of 

 rebellion. A new trial having been granted, a 

 new charge was brought against him on account 

 of a murder committed four years before. It 

 having been shown that the local government 

 had official reports proving that the murderer 

 was Bocho, a still uncaptured dakoit chief, the 

 Chief Commissioner ordered the withdrawal of 

 this charge. Yanyun was regarded by the peo- 

 ple as a patriot, not as a brigand. When the 

 Chief Commissioner visited Myangyan. the arch- 

 es erected to welcome him were placarded with 

 prayers for mercy, and 15 petitions praying that 

 Yanyun's life might be spared were presented to 

 Sir Charles Crossthwaite, one of these bearing 

 the signatures of officials of the town and mer- 

 chants of all nationalities, and another being 

 borne by a deputation of 100 phoongyees or Bur- 

 mese monks. The Judicial Commissioner, Mr. 

 Hodgkinson, after investigating the proceedings, 

 found that no crimes or atrocities were proved 

 against Yanyun, and that the subordinate mag- 

 istrate had promised positively that his life 

 would be spared, and that, aside from this spe- 

 cial pledge, Yanyun came within the proclama- 

 tion offering amnesty to dakoits. 



A general regilding and decoration of pago- 

 das throughout Burmah toward the end of 1890 

 was interpreted by the authorities as a sign that 

 the people, were in an unusual state of excite- 

 ment and ferment. The Mingoon prince, who 

 escaped in 1889 from Pondicherry to Saigon, was 

 joined there by his family in the summer. It was 

 feared that he contemplated entering Burmah, 

 and the local officers were generally of the opin- 

 ion that in that case a general insurrection would 

 occur, and that it would be supported by the 

 Buddhist priesthood, because the prince is the 

 undoubted legitimate representative of Alom- 

 pra. Early in December disturbances occurred 

 in the northern districts, where a rebel chief 

 calling himself the Kanlaing prince appeared 

 with a large following at Manwaing. A body of 

 Chinese raiders crossed the frontier at Mitkanas, 

 all work was interrupted in the jade mines, and 

 the district lying between Mandalay and the 

 ruby mines was disturbed. 



INDIANA, a Western State, admitted to the 

 Union Dec. 11, 1816 ; area, 36,350 square miles. 

 The population, according to each decennial 

 census, was 147,178 in 1820; 343,031 in 1830; 

 685,866 m 1840; 988,416 in 1850; 1,350,428 in 

 1860; 1,680,637 in 1870; 1,978.301 in 1880; 

 2,192,404 in 1890. Capital, Indianapolis. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor, Alvin P. 

 Hovey, Republican : Lieutenant-Governor, Ira 

 J. Chase ; Secretary of State, Charles F. Griffin ; 

 Auditor, Bruce Carr; Treasurer, Julius A. 

 Lemcke; Attorney-General, Louis T. Michener: 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction, Harvev M. 

 La Follette ; Judges of the Supreme Court, Silas 



