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OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (SHOLES SMITH.) 



and passed the remainder of his life in literary 

 work, occasionally lecturing. His publications include : 

 " Rhymes with Seasons 

 and without" (Boston, 

 1853); "Life and Say- 

 ings of Mrs. Parting- 

 ton" (1854); "Knit- 

 ting-Work " (1857) ; 

 " Partingtonian Patch- 

 work" (1873); "Lines 

 in Pleasant Places" 

 (1875); "Ike and his 

 Friends" (187 9); "Cruis- 

 es with Captain Bob" 

 (1881); "The Double- 

 runner Club" (1882); 

 and " Wideswathe " 

 (1884). He is believed 

 to have left an autobiog- 

 raphy for publication. 

 Stoles, Christopher Latham, journalist, born in New- 

 York, Feb. 14, 1819; died in Milwaukee, Wis., Feb. 

 17, 1890. In 1837 he removed to Green Bay, Wis.. 

 then the principal town in the State, and established 

 the " Democrat" newspaper. While publishing this 

 he received the contract to print the proceedings of 

 the first Legislature of Wisconsin, and, for want of ad- 

 equate facilities in the West, took the manuscript to 

 Philadelphia and lived there till the work was fin- 

 ished. From Green Bay he removed to Milwaukee, 

 where he was editor of the " Sentinel " for many 

 years. He was active in State and national politics, 

 and during his long career held the offices of member 

 of the State Assembly, State Senator, postmaster at 

 Kenosha and Milwaukee, collector of customs at Mil- 

 waukee, and member of its board of public works. 

 He will be particularly remembered as the inventor 

 of the first successful type-writing machine. 



Sickel, Horatio Gates, military officer, born in Bucks 

 County, Pa., April 3, 1817 ; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 

 April *15, 1890. He was educated in the Friends' 

 School at Byberry, learned the smithing trade, estab- 

 lished himself at Quakertown, and was successfully 

 engaged in manufacturing and mercantile business in 

 Philadelphia from 1845 till the outbreak of the civil 

 war. In 1861 he was elected colonel of the 3d Penn- 

 sylvania Eeserve Regiment, and at once went to the 

 front. He took part in two of the battles that pre- 

 ceded the Seven Days' engagements, and when Gen. 

 Meade was disabled he was given command of the 

 brigade till it reached Acquia Creek, on its way to 

 re-enforce Gen. Pope. He also participated in the 

 second Battle of Bull Run. For gallantry at Freder- 

 icksburg he was made commander of the 'Reserves on 

 the promotion of Gen. Meade, and placed in charge of 

 the defense of Alexandria, in February, 1863. In 

 April, 1864, he was ordered to the command of a bri- 

 gade in West Virginia, and on May 9 captured Cloyd 

 mountain, an apparently impregnable position. A 

 few days afterward he defeated the Confederates under 

 Gen. McCausland at New River Bridge. He was 

 mustered out of the service on the expiration of his 

 term, June 17, 1864, and, again. tendering his services 

 to Gov. Curtin, was appointed colonel of the 198th 

 Regiment. For gallantry at Peeble's farm he was 

 promoted brigadier-general, and for distinguished 

 service at Hatcher's Run and Lewis's farm, or Qua- 

 ker Road, he was brevetted major-general. He after- 

 ward was Health Officer of Philadelphia, Collector of 

 Internal Revenue for the 4th District, and [United States 

 Pension Agent at Philadelphia. 



Sitting Bull (Indian name, Tatanka Yotanka), medi- 

 cine man of the Sioux Indians, born near old Fort 

 George, on Willow Creek, Dakota, in 1837 ; died near 

 Grand river, forty miles from Standing Rock Agency, 

 North Dakota, Dec. 15, 1890. His father was Jump- 

 ing Bull, and two of his uncles were Four Horns and 

 Hun ting- His-Lodge, all chiefs of the tribe. He was 

 first known as The Sacred Stand, and when ten years 

 old killed his first buifalo calf. When fourteen years 

 old he slew and scalped his first enemy, for which his 



name was changed to Sitting Bull. After reaching 

 manhood he became the leader of the unruly bucks 

 in the tribe, showed a hostility toward the whites that 

 was unconquered to the last, and fermented so much 

 discord that he and his band were repudiated by such 

 leaders as Red Cloud, Spotted Tail, and Young-Man- 

 Afraid-of-His-Horses, till about 1868. He raided 

 white settlements and small Indian reservations alike, 

 and was a general terror in every neighborhood in 

 which he was placed. In the early part of the civil 

 war his band engaged in a massacre of whites at 

 Spirit Lake, Iowa, and in Minnesota; in 1864 Gen. 

 Sully drove them into the Big Horn country and to 

 the Yellowstone, where Fort Buford was established ; 

 in 1866 Sitting Bull made a show of treating with the 

 Government, accepted presents and some ammunition, 

 and then suddenly broke up the council ; in 1867 he 

 threatened Gallatin valley, in Montana; and in 1868 

 he was defeated in an attack on Muscleshell. From 

 1869 till 1876 he was almost continually on the war- 

 path, fighting the Crows, Mandans, Shoshones, and 

 other Indians friendly to the whites, and raiding 

 Montana settlements. It was because of the failure 

 of Sitting Bull's band to return to its reservation that 

 Gen. Sheridan organized the fatal campaign of 1876, 

 in which Gen. Custer and his little force perished in 

 the surprise and massacre on the Little Big Horn. As 

 soon as intelligence of the bloody work reached Gen. 

 Terry, who commanded the main column, that officer 

 set out in pursuit of Sitting Bull, but the band made its 

 escape into Canada. He remained across the border 

 till 1879, when, weary of precarious existence, and 

 with naught but starvation or surrender before him, 

 he chose the latter alternative on receiving a pledge 

 of amnesty from Gen. Miles. In 1888 he was in- 

 fluential in preventing the Indians from selling their 

 land to the Government. When the Messiah craze 

 broke out among the Indians in the early winter of 

 1890 (see INDIAN MESSIAH), he so increased the excite- 

 ment that the military authorities determined to arrest 

 him. On Dec. 15 the arrest was attempted with the 

 aid of the loyal Indian police. Sitting Bull was capt- 

 ured in his camp, but a moment afterward some of 

 his men answered his cries for assistance, and a fight 

 ensued, in which he, his son, and five other Sioux, 

 and seven of the Indian police, were killed. 



Smith, Francis H., educator, born in Norfolk, Va M 

 Oct. 18, 1812 ; died in Lexington, Va., March 21, 1890. 

 He was graduated at the United States Military Acad- 

 emy in 1833, and immediately afterward was com- 

 missioned a 2d lieutenant of artillery and- assigned to 

 duty at New London, Conn. Subsequently he be- 

 came Assistant Professor of Ethics at the United 

 States Military Academy. In 1837 he was chosen 

 Professor of Mathematics at Hampden-Sidney College 

 in Virginia, and two years later was appointed Super- 

 intendent of the Virginia Military Institute, with the 

 rank of major. He organized that school, and before 

 the close of the year had a large corps of cadets fully 

 accoutered and under military discipline. He held 

 the office of superintendent from his appointment in 

 July, 1839, till his resignation on Jan. 1, 1890. 



Smith, Henry H., physician, born in Philadelphia, Pa., 

 Dec. 10, 1815; died there, April 11,1890. He was 

 graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsyl- 

 vania in 1837 ; spent two years in studying the hbs- 

 Eital systems of London, Paris, and Vienna, and <>n 

 is return in 1841 became a private tutor in surgery. 

 At the beginning of the civil war he was appointed 

 Surgeon-General of Pennsylvania, and was charged 

 with the organization of its' hospital service. In this 

 he succeeded so well that after the first battle of 

 Winchester, Va., he was able to move a large num- 

 ber of wounded soldiers from the battle-field to hos- 

 pitals in Philadelphia, Harris burg, Reading, and 

 other cities. He established the custom of embalming 

 the dead on the battle-field ; organized and directed a 

 corps of surgeons, with steamers as floating hospitals, 

 at the siege of Yorktown ; and rendered efficient 

 service to the wounded after the battles of Williams- 

 burg, West Point, Fair Oaks, Cold Harbor, and An- 



