682 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (LACHNER LIDDON.) 



Johann This was the only victory won over the 

 Prussians, and for the exploit he was decorated with 

 the Maria Theresa order, which is only given to vic- 

 torious generals. For many years Baron Knebel, 

 who was promoted to the rank of Feldzeugmeister in 

 1883, was president of the supreme military court, re- 

 tiring in 1889. He was esteemed for his learning and 

 his high character and sense of military duty_, and 

 was frequently called on to arbitrate on affairs of 

 honor that a*-ose between officers. 



Lachner, Franz, a German composer, born in Kain, 

 April 2, 1803 ; died in Munich, Jan. 20, 1890. He 

 was the son of an organist and organ builder, and 

 learned to play various instruments at the seminary 

 of Neuburg, while preparing himself for a theological 

 course. Determined to be a musician 2 he went _ to 

 Munich with his early musical compositions, which 

 he was unable to sell, and supported himself by giv- 

 ing lessons and playin<? in an orchestra. Going to 

 Vienna he won the place of organist in the Protestant 

 church against thirty competitors, became leader of 

 the orchestra in one of the chief theatres, and in 1828 

 brought out his opera " Die Biinjschaft in Pest." In 

 1834 he went to Mannheim as chapelmaster and re- 

 generated the orchestra, which he handed over to his 

 brother in 1836 to take the place of leader of the or- 

 chestra in the Court Theatre at Munich. His opera 

 of "Alida" was produced in 1839; " Catharina Cor- 

 naro," which has had a lasting success, in 1842 ; and 

 "Benvenuto Cellini" in 1849. Lachner introduced 

 discipline and system in the Munich opera, and was 

 one of the ablest musical directors of his time. His 

 compositions were treated with disdain by Eobert 

 Schumann and other North German critics, whom the 

 tone of the popular South German music that per- 

 vades them offended as lacking refinement and classi- 

 cal elevation. He, for his part, was not drawn to- 

 ward the new music, although he attempted to give 

 the overture to " Tannhauser" as early as 1850, and 

 in 1856 and 1858 contributed all that he could to the 

 performance of that opera and of "Lohengrin." 

 Through Wagner's influence he was retired in 1867. 

 For musical festivals at Munich in 1856 and 1863, at 

 Nuremberg in 1861, and at the Mozart centennial in 

 Salzbunr, he trained and conducted monster orches- 

 tras and choirs of male voices. Lachner composed 

 a great number of songs, some of which are often 

 heard in concerts. He wrote an oratorio,^' Moses," 

 the cantata of " The Four Ages," much interesting 

 music for the organ, and church music of value in 

 variety, especially masses, requiems, psalms, and an- 

 thems. He was a master of counterpoint and orches- 

 tration, and was most successful in instrumental com- 

 positions, and especially in the revived form of the 

 orchestral suite. Of his eight symphonies the " Sin- 

 fonie appassionata " and the one in G minor are par- 

 ticularly fine. His trios, quartettes, quintettes, and 

 other forms of chamber music are much appreciated. 



Lamington, Alexander Dundas Boss Wishard Baillie 

 Cochrane, Baron, an English author and politician, 

 born in November, 1816 ; died in London, Feb. 15, 

 1890. He was the eldest son of Admiral Sir Thomas 

 John Cochrane, and was educated at Eton School and 

 Trinity College, Cambridge. He won a reputation for 

 talents and accomplishments before he left the uni- 

 versity, and became with Lord Strangford and Lord 

 John Manners one of the leaders of the Young Eng- 

 land party. In 1841 he was elected as a Conservative 

 member of Parliament for Bridport, which he repre- 

 sented till 1846 and again in 1847-'52. In 1859 he 

 was returned for Honiton, sitting for that borouarh till 

 1868, and in 1870 he was elected for the Isle of Wight 

 to fill a vacancy. In the House of Commons he was 

 a frequent speaker, oftenest on foreign politics, and 

 especially on subjects connected with Greece or Italy, 

 two countries with which he was familiarly acquaint- 

 ed. He was a prominent membar, yet he never held 

 office, for although an ardent Conservative in prin- 

 ciple, he held independent opinions on various sub- 

 jects that he would never suppress for the sake of 

 party discipline. Lord Palmerston's policy he at- 



tacked savagely without gaining any political credit. 

 In a pamphlet entitled "Justice for Scotland" he 

 advocated a degree of autonomy like that demanded 

 by Home Rulers for Ireland. After he was made a 

 peer in 1880 he took no active part in politics. He 

 was the author of a volume of privately printed 

 " Poems" (1838) ; "Exeter Hall, or Church Polem- 

 ics" (1841); the poem of " Morea " ; "The State of 

 Greece" (1847) ; " Ernest Vane," a novel of contem- 

 porary life (1849) ; " Florence the Beautiful " (1854) ; 

 " The Map of Italy " (1856) ; " Young Italy," an un- 

 friendly view of tfie Italian revolutionary movement: 

 " Historic Pictures " (1865) ; " Francis the First, and 

 other Historic Studies" (1870); and " The Theatre 

 Fran^ais in the Eeign of Louis XV" (1879). He 

 published also a great number of political pamphlets, 

 and shortly before his death he contributed a series of 

 papers containing anecdotal reminiscences to " Black- 

 wood's Magazine" under the title " In the Days of 

 the Dandies." 



Liddon, Henry Parry, an English divine, born in 

 Taunton, Aug. 20, 1829 ; died in Weston-super-Mare, 

 Sept. 9, 1890. He received his early education in 

 King's College, a school founded on Church of Eng- 

 land principles, became a student of Christ Church, 

 Oxford, in 1847, took his degree in 1850, obtained a 

 theological scholarship, and in 1852 was ordained 

 deacon. From 1854 till 1859 he was vice-principal of 

 Cuddesdon College, which Bishop Wilberforce had 

 founded as a preparatory seminary for the Church, 

 and to him the character and success of the college 

 were due in a large measure, fie studied as his mas- 

 ters the great Protestant preachers of France, and 

 soon became known as a preacher possessing a new 

 and original style in which argument was combined 

 with persuasive art, and his rhetorical devices, height- 

 ened by the sympathetic tones of his voice and his 

 fervid and insinuating eloquence, were cloaked be- 

 hind the idiomatic simplicity of his diction. The 

 church was crowded when he was appointed select 

 preacher to the University in 1863, and he was already 

 famous when in 1864 he' was made a prebendary in 

 Salisbury Cathedral. At Oxford Liddon was a fol- 

 lower of the Tractarians and the chosen disciple of 

 Dr. Pusey. In 1866 he delivered the Bampton Lect- 

 ures, and by his discourses on " The Divinity of Our 

 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ" he achieved a fame 

 that rang through the English-speaking part of the 

 world, lie attempted to meet Strauss, Baur, Kenan, 

 and the other assailants of Christianity on their own 

 ground and refute them by scientific tests and learned 

 criticism equal to their own, and in his convincing 

 style he presented the orthodox case from the English 

 High Church point of view. In Oxford politics he 

 held to the extreme ecclesiastical ideas of Dr. Pusey, 

 but in the politics of the country he was an outspoken 

 Liberal. He was appointed Ireland Professor of Ex- 

 egesis in 1870. and lectured for twelve years. He de- 

 livered the Lent lectures at St. James's Church in 

 Piccadilly, afterward published under the title of 

 "Some Elements of Religion." In 1870 he was ap- 

 pointed Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's, and his 

 sermons there delivered in June and December of 

 every year attracted immense congregations. Before 

 popular audiences he adopted a more popular style 

 without abandoning his dialectical method, and he is 

 said to have been the only modern preacher who 

 could hold the attention of an uncultured audience by 

 argumentative sermons of an hour's length or more. 

 In the conflict that arose between the Ritualists and 

 the civil authorities he publicly counseled passive re- 

 sistance to the decisions of the courts. He took a 

 strong interest in the Old Catholic movement in Ger- 

 many, and published a report of the congress at Bonn 

 in 1875. When the Bulgarian troubles arose, his 

 sympathy with the Greek Christians impelled him to 

 espouse their cause with a vehemence that strongly 

 influenced English popular opinion and the attitude 

 of Mr. Gladstone. People more familiar with Turk- 

 ish customs were unable to dispel the impression pro- 

 duced by his mistaken assertion that he had seen im- 



