OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (PRETIS-CAGNODO SAFFI.) 



687 



Pretis-Cagnodo, Sisinio, Baron von, an Austrian states- 

 man, born in Hamburg in 1828 ; died in Trieste, Dec. 

 15, 1890. He was a son of the Austrian consul-gen- 

 eral in Hamburg. After completing his studies in 

 Innsbruck, Prague, Gottingen, and Heidelberg, he 

 entered the public service, was employed in Trieste 

 and other southern districts as an official in the finan- 

 cial administration from 1850 till 1862, then entered the 

 Ministry of the Marine, and subsequently was trans- 

 ferred to the Ministry of Commerce, and negotiated 

 the treaties with Germany, France, and Italy. In 

 1871 he was appointed Governor of Trieste, and on 

 Jan. 15, 1872, he entered the Auersperg Cabinet as 

 Minister of Finance. The financial crisis of 1873 and 

 the renewal of the Hungarian Ausgkich occurred 

 during his incumbency. When Prince Adolf Auers- 

 perg resigned, Baron Pretis undertook to form a Ger- 

 man-Liberal Cabinet, and failed because Dr. Herbst, 

 leader of the Constitutional party, recalled his promise 

 of support. He remained in the Provisional Cabinet 

 of Stremayer until Count Taafe took charge of the 

 Government in 1879. He was then restored to his, 

 post in Trieste, and was an adroit and successful ad- 

 ministrator criticised only for not using severe enough 

 measures against the Irredentists. 



Eaimondi, Antonio, an Italian explorer, born in Milan 

 in 1825 ; died in Lima, Peru, early in December, 1890. 

 He went to Peru in 1850, explored Tarapaca in 1853- 

 '54, and the provinces of Huanuco and Huamalies in 

 1855-'57, visited Cuzco, the capital of the Incas, in 

 1858, and the eastern forests of Santa Anna next ; navi- 

 gated the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon, and in 

 the wild forest region ot Caravaya traced the courses 

 of the San Gavan and Ayapata rivers. Altogether 

 he spent twenty years in exploring every part of the 

 Peruvian republic and studying its geology and natu- 

 ral history, his last journey taking him through the 

 Amazonian provinces to the confines of Brazil. In 

 1873 the Peruvian Government made arrangements 

 to print his great work at the expense of the nation. 

 The preliminary volumes of the work, which is en- 

 titled " El Peru," appeared in 1874, 1876, and 1880, 

 and other volumes dealing with the physical geogra- 

 phy, geology, mineralogy, botany, zoology, and eth- 

 nology of the country were to follow. The Chilian 

 invaders, who plundered the national library, de- 

 stroyed a whole edition of the fourth volume. After 

 the evacuation of Lima by the Chilians in 1883, Dr. 

 Eaimondi_ resumed his labors, but was not able to get 

 the work into good shape again. 



Rogers, James Edwin Thprold, an English political 

 economist, born in 1823 ; died in Oxford, Oct. 13, 1890. 

 He was educated at King's College, London, and Mag- 

 dalen college, Oxford, obtained a first-class in classics 

 in 1846, but had no chance for a fellowship under the 

 old system, since reformed, took holy orders, and for 

 some years was incumbent of a poor parish near Ox- 

 ford. In later years he became an aggressive oppo- 

 nent of the Church, dropped his title of reverend, and 

 was instrumental in having a law passed to enable 

 clergymen who have divested themselves of their of- 

 fice to become rid of their political disabilities. He 

 returned to Oxford as a private tutor, assumed various 

 offices in the university administration, married a 

 relative of Richard Cobden, with whom and Bright 

 he became intimate, and a?quired a high reputation 

 for classical scholarship and varied knowledge. The 

 rejection by the Clarendon Press of an Aristotelian 

 dictionary on which he had spent much time and 

 labor was a sore disappointment. In 1861 he pub- % 

 lished " Education in Oxford ; its Aims, its Aids, and 

 its Rewards." This was followed by "The Law of 

 Settlement a Cause of Crime" and "Aristotle's 

 Ethics." Securing the Drummond professorship of 

 Political Economy in 1862, he confined his studies 

 henceforth to this subject. In 1866 appeared the first 

 part of his " History of Agriculture and Prices in Eng- 

 land from 1259 to 1792." This work contained the 

 results of a research and comparison of the accounts 

 of Merton and other Oxford colleges, from which he 

 drew the deduction that hostile combinations and leg- 



islation have been the cause of poverty among the 

 working classes, and union for the defense of their 

 interests the chief source of their improvement In 

 1868 he published a text- book of political economy for 

 the use of schools and colleges. As a lecturer, Prof 

 Rogers was as entertaining as he was learned, but the 

 tendency of his teachings was deemed subversive by 

 the Conservatives, who opposed his re-election in 

 1868 and gave the chair to Prof. Boriamy Price, a 

 Liberal also, but not a Radical. His defeat on polit- 

 ical grounds naturally drove him into the field of 

 party politics. He was defeated as a candidate lor 

 Scarborough in 1874, and in the general election of 

 1880 was elected to Parliament for Southwark. When 

 that borough was divided bv the Redistribution act, 

 he was returned in 1885 for Bermondsey, but in 1888. 

 having followed Mr. Gladstone in his home-rule pol- 

 icy, he was defeated by a Conservative. He publi-1 i-.l 

 in 1884 " Six, Centuries of Work and Wages," and in 

 1887 the fifth and sixth volumes of the Tt History of 

 Agriculture and Prices," bringing the work to a con- 

 clusion. A series of lectures delivered in Worcester 

 College in 1887 -'88 were issued under the title of " The 

 Economic Interpretation of History." His historical 

 investigations in social economy and the conclusions 

 that had affrighted the representatives of wealth came 

 to be appreciated by thinking people, and when Prof. 

 Bonamy Price died in 1888, the Marquis of Salisbury, 

 who was chancellor of the university, and Mr. 

 Goschen, who was a member of the board charged 

 with the. election of a successor, which no longer took 

 place in open convocation, threw the weight of their 

 influence in favor of restoring their fierce and uncom- 

 promising political adversary to the chair from which 

 he had been ousted twenty years before. Prof. 

 Thorold Rogers's contributions to political and eco- 

 nomical literature, besides his great original work and 

 other books already mentioned, were numerous and 

 valuable. He prepared an edition of the speeches of 

 John Bright (1868), edited Cobden's speeches also, 

 and published a volume entitled " Cobden and Mod- 

 ern Political Opinion " (1873) ; produced an annotated 

 edition of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations," print- 

 ed at the Clarendon Press, and compiled ana edited, 

 with historical elucidations, the "Protests of the 

 House of Lords." His daughter was the first woman 

 admitted to the Oxford examinations, in which she 

 acquitted herself with a distinction that would have 

 won for a male student a first-class in classical studies, 

 while one of his sons passed the mathematical exam- 

 inations with extraordinary brilliancy. 



Rosebery, Hannah de Rothschild, countess of, died at 

 Dalmeny, Scotland, Nov. 19, 1890. She was the 

 daughter of Baron Meyer Amschel de Rothschild, 

 known not only as a financier but as a lover of art 

 and owner of race horses. She was carefully educat- 

 ed, and learned early to take an interest in the phil- 

 anthropic schemes in which her family engaged and 

 to collect art treasures for her father's great house at 

 Mentmore, which came to her, with all his enormous 

 fortune, when he died in 1874. In 1878 she married 

 the young Earl of Rosebery, who had made himself 

 famous in political life. She was the third woman 

 of her family to take a Christian husband without 

 renouncing the Jewish faith. She made herself con- 

 spicuous before the public by engaging with zeal and 

 labor in the promotion of works of charity. Besides 

 supporting liberally the Jewish charities of London, 

 she superintended the fund for the relief of the sick 

 and wounded in the Egyptian war, became president 

 of the Scottish branch of Queen Victoria's Institute 

 for Nurses, was one of the conveners of the section 

 for women's industries in the Edinburgh Exhibition of 

 1886, and in 1889 took the chief part in organizing the 

 Scottish Home Industries Association. 



Saffi, Aorelio, an Italian patriot, born in 1819; died 

 in Forli, April 10, 1890. He was one of the leading 

 spirits in the Roman revolution of 1848, was elected 

 to the Parliament of the Roman Republic, and was 

 made Minister of the Interior. This office he resigned 

 to become one of the Triumvirate, of which Mazzmi 



