758 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



World, and the encyclical to the people of Italy, 

 in which the deplorable condition of that nation 

 is pictured, and in which the faithful are abjured 

 to resist the secret societies which openly boast of 

 directing government. These societies, says the 

 sovereign pontiff, are responsible for the evils 

 which beset Italy, and have no other object than 

 the overthrow of all religion and the full estab- 

 lishment of atheism. 



The French Church and the Republic. 

 At a banquet in Algiers, Nov. 2, Cardinal Lav- 

 igerie inaugurated an entirely new departure 

 in the Catholic attitude toward the republic. 

 Of the 38,000,000 people in France, 34,000,000 

 were baptized in the Catholic Church, yet, owing 

 to the compact organization of the comparatively 

 small infidel element, it has been able to control 

 the republic prejudicially to the religion of the 

 majority, driven out religious orders, laicized the 

 schools, and forced seminarists to serve in the 

 army. The identification of the royalist cause 

 with Boulanger deprived it of all respect, and 

 Cardinal Lavigerie took occasion to institute, 

 with the approval of the Pope, a new political 

 programme on that date by commending loy- 

 alty to " the form of government which the will 

 of the people has distinctly confirmed." Since 

 then the Catholics of Prance have been organiz- 

 ing on the cardinal's platform : " Ilic Rhodus, 

 hie salta ! Sincerest love for our Church as well 

 as for our country impels us to proclaim our- 

 selves loyal supporters of the republican form of 

 government in France." They propose, they 

 say, to make the republic, in spite of atheistic 

 republicans, a government in the true sense of 

 the word. The Cardinal Archbishop of Paris 

 hails the new era by, for the first time, holding 

 special services upon the opening of Parliament 

 to ask God's blessing upon its labors. 



The United States. Three episcopal jubi- 

 lees were celebrated during the year those of 

 Archbishop Feehan, of Chicago, Oct. 30 ; Bishop 

 Loughlin, of Brooklyn, Oct. 17 ; Bishop DeGoes- 

 briand, Oct. 30. The golden jubilee of the found- 

 ing of the Little Sisters of the Poor was honored 

 in September. The golden jubilee of St. Mat- 

 thew's Church, Washington, was celebrated Sept. 

 21. The Carmelite Nuns centenary occurred 

 Oct. 11. 



The School Question. A most valuable con- 

 tribution to the subject of a modus vivendi be- 

 tween the state and the parochial schools was 

 the address of Archbishop Ireland before the 

 National Education Convention, St. Paul, July 

 10. In New York, during the year, the State 

 Board of Regents passed a measure incorporat- 

 ing Catholic schools into the State university 

 system by the performance of stipulated agree- 

 ments. In Boston, Judge Fallon, after twenty 

 years' service on the Public School Board, re- 

 signed June 24, because of the decision by a vote 

 of 17 to 3 to retain certain text-books objection- 

 able to Catholics. The opening of the first 

 American Catholic high school at Philadelphia, 

 Sept. 5, the discourses at the Catholic univer- 

 sity, Washington, and the presentation of $500,- 

 000 for a Catholic seminary to Archbishop Ire- 

 land by James J. Hill, a Protestant gentleman 

 of St. Paul, were other interesting events. 



The committee appointed at Baltimore to settle 

 upon the date and place of the next Catholic 



congress met in Boston, Oct. 25, and fixed Chi- 

 cago, 1893, as the place and time. 



The case of Dr. Burtsell, a priest of the arch- 

 diocese of New York, who refused to abide by the 

 decision of Archbishop Corrigan, recalled the 

 McGlynn episode during the summer, but upon 

 the Propaganda deciding adversely to his plea, 

 Dr. Burtsell submitted. 



Three eminent laymen died during the year : 

 Lawrence Kehoe, Catholic publisher, Feb. 27 ; 

 Henry L. Hoguet, founder of the Catholic Pro- 

 tectory, New York, May 9 ; and John Boyle 

 O'Reilly, poet-editor, Aug. 10. 



The wounding of Rev. Francis M. Craft, Catho- 

 lic Indian missionary, in the battle of Wounded 

 Knee Creek, Dec. 29, and the burning of the 

 Catholic Indian mission at Pine Ridge, were the 

 closing events of the year. 



The bi-centenary of Blessed Margaret Mary 

 was celebrated from the 17th to the 25th of No- 

 vember. 



The Greek Conference at Wilkesbarre, Pa., 

 Oct. 29, petitioned the Holy See to appoint a 

 vicar - general with authority over the 150,000 

 Greek Catholics in the United States. 



Religions Necrology, United States and 

 Canada. During the year 1 archbishop, 4 

 bishops, 1 abbot, 174 priests, and 112 members 

 of male and female orders died in the United 

 States and Canada. This exceedingly large list 

 is attributed to severity of the strain occasioned 

 by exposure during the prevalence of the epi- 

 demic " La Grippe." Most Rev. Michael Heiss, 

 Archbishop of Milwaukee, died March 26. He was 

 born in Bavaria, 1818, and as secretary to Arch- 

 bishop Henni did much toward building up the 

 Church in Wisconsin. He was the first bishop of 

 the diocese of La Crosse (1868), and first president 

 and founder of St. Francis Seminary, Milwau- 

 kee. Pius IX made him a member of one of the 

 four great commissions at the Vatican Council. 

 He was author of several theological works. In 

 recognition of his great services he was conse- 

 crated Archbishop of Milwaukee April 23, 1883. 



Right Rev. Caspar H. Borgess, who died at 

 Kalamazoo, Mich., May 3, had served seventeen 

 years as the second Bishop of Detroit. He was 

 born in Germany, 1826, and voluntarily relin- 

 quished his see in 1887 on account of age. He 

 was one of the pioneers in the Catholic parochial- 

 school movement. 



Right Rev. James O'Connor, first Bishop of 

 Omaha, died May 27. He was born in Cork, Ire- 

 land, Dec. 10, 1823, and ordained in Rome. He 

 had been president of St. Michael's Seminary, 

 Pittsburg, Pa., and of St. Charles's Seminary, near 

 Philadelphia, and was the founder of the Catho- 

 lic Indian mission schools, of which the new Or- 

 der of the Blessed Sacrament, just formed by Miss 

 Kate Drexel, is to have charge. 



Right Rev. Henry Joseph Faraud, 0. M. I., na- 

 tive of France, aged sixty-seven, died at St. Boni- 

 face, Manitoba, in September. 



Right Rev. Louis Joseph D'Herbomez, 0. M. I., 

 died June 3. He was one of the great North- 

 west Indian missionaries, evangelizing the tribes 

 on the Yakima river and Puget Sound in 1850. 

 establishing the missions on Vancouver and 

 in the interior of British Columbia. He was con- 

 secrated Vicar-Apostolic of the Mainland of Brit- 

 ish Columbia in 1864. He was born in 1822. 



