768 



SALVADOR. 



saving of the two thirds has been an aggregate 

 of about $10,000,000 to the people of the United 

 States. There is now a contest between the brine 

 manufacturers and those who mine salt from the 

 western part of New York over the proposed sale 

 of the State reservation. The production of salt 

 in Michigan is still carried on from the brine, 

 the cheapness of fuel in that locality giving the 

 makers a great advantage over those of Syracuse. 



In Lincoln County, Nevada, the immense de- 

 posits of rock salt are easily reached from the 

 surface ; and it is said that any man can quarry 

 and wheel out five tons a day. It is only neces- 

 sary to grind it to render it fit for dairy or table 

 use. Hitherto this salt has not been a factor in 

 the market, because the salt fields were not pene- 

 trated by the railroads. 



Recent borings near Cleveland, Ohio, have 

 shown the presence of several thick veins of salt. 

 At the depth of 2,500 feet the first was encoun- 

 tered, and after an interval of 50 feet the second ; 

 80 feet below the second, and at a depth of 3,400 

 feet, was found a great vein, which promised to 

 be so thick that the idea of finding gas was 

 abandoned, and the well was cleared out and 

 closed temporarily. The salt from these veins is 

 now being mined. 



On the coast of Louisiana, west of the Missis- 

 sippi river, a cluster of islands forms what is 

 known as Petite Anse Isle, which has been for 

 some years noted for beds of salt. It has salt 99 

 per cent, pure, which is said to be the purest 

 found in the world. The main bed is from 300 

 to 400 feet in depth. The mining in this locality 

 has been developed to a very large extent within 

 the past two years. 



In 1887 borings were made in Reno County, 

 Kansas, which struck a bed of salt about 500 feet 

 from the surface. The bed was found to be 300 

 or 400 feet thick of pure salt, with the exception 

 of two or three thin layers of soapstone. The 

 field is many miles in length, and it is estimated 

 that every square acre has 2,000,000 barrels of 

 salt. Thirteen factories are now producing salt 

 from this bed. 



A salt manufacturer of Austria has invented a 

 method that quickens the process of production 

 without the risk of damage to the product, and 

 without increasing the absolute heat. It also re- 

 duces the expense of working and maintenance. 

 The invention depends upon the fact that the 

 boiling point of a liquid is lowered by reducing 

 the pressure. The evaporation of any liquid con- 

 tains a certain amount of latent heat, which is 

 sufficient to evaporate another quantity of liquid, 



Srovided the boiling point of the latter is below 

 le temperature of the steam used. 

 SALVADOR, a republic in Central America. 

 Gen. Francisco Menendez was proclaimed Pro- 

 visional President on June 19, 1885, and on 

 March 1, 1887, was elected for a regular term of 

 four years. 



The people of Salvador are more largely of 

 Spanish origin than the inhabitants of the 

 neighboring republics. The area of the repub- 

 lic is 7,225 square miles, and the population, as 

 returned in the census of Jan. 1, 1886, was 

 651,130, consisting of 318,329 males and' 332,- 

 801 females. The budget for 1889 makes the 

 total receipts $4,110,000, of which $2,252,000 

 were derived from import duties and $1,219,000 



from the tax on spirits. The expenditures were 

 $4,037,000. The internal debt in 1889 was $5,- 

 389,000, and there was a foreign debt of 300,- 

 000. The imports in 1889 amounted to $2,- 

 878.000, of which $958,000 came from Great 

 Britain, $637,000 from Central and South Amer- 

 ican countries, $538,000 from the United States, 

 $325,000 from Germany, $316,000 from France, 

 and $104,000 from Italy and Spain. The total 

 value of the exports was $5,489,000, of which 

 $1,515,000 went to the United States, $1,117,000 

 to Germany, $1,006,000 to France, $919,000 to 

 Great Britain, $522,000 to Italy, $637,000 to 

 Central and South America, and $17,000 to 

 Spain. The exports of coffee were valued at 

 $3,502,000; of indigo, $1,205,000; of sugar, 

 $200,000 ; of silver, $171,000 ; of tobacco, $150,- 

 000 ; of balsam of Peru, $74,000. 



Revolution. Gen. Menendez, who defeated 

 Gen. Figueroa and the Zaldivar faction in 1885, 

 and frustrated the plan of Barrios to unite the 

 five Central American republics in one confed- 

 . eracy, fell in time under the influence of the 

 Guatemalans, and, in 1888, joined Gen. Bogran, 

 of Honduras, and the other presidents, in sign- 

 ing a declaration in favor of union. This start- 

 ed afresh the old conflict between the Unionists 

 and the more powerful party opposed to union 

 in Salvador. On June 22, 1890, at the conclusion 

 of a banquet given on the anniversary of his 

 triumphant occupation of the capital five years 

 before, the President was mysteriously murdered 

 by political enemies. Gen. Melesio Marcial sud- 

 denly entered the ball-room, and announced a 

 revolt against the existing Government, under 

 the leadership of Gen. Ezeta, who had come 

 from Santa Anna with 600 men. He demanded 

 the deposition of President Menendez, who was 

 pursued by revolutionists into an upper cham- 

 ber, and in the struggle he was killed and Gen. 

 Marcial was shot by Gen. Martinez, who was taken 

 prisoner by Ezeta's soldiers. The revolutionists 

 obtained possession of the barracks after a brief 

 conflict, in which 23 men were slain. Gen. Carlos 

 Ezeta, commander of the victorious troops, was 

 proclaimed Provisional President by the army. 



Dr. Rafael Zaldivar, who had been living in 

 Paris, joined Gen. Fabio Moran and other parti- 

 sans, who worked together for his restoration to 

 power. Gen. Camillo Alvarez, in Guatemala, 

 aimed also to supplant Ezeta. The Vice-Presi- 

 dent and constitutional successor of Menendez 

 actually set up a rival government on the border 

 of Honduras. The President of Guatemala 

 mobilized his troops and threatened to interfere 

 to put an end to the unconstitutional state of 

 affairs in Salvador. Encounters between the 

 forces of Ezeta and his enemies, aided by their 

 friends in Guatemala and Honduras, resulted in 

 favor of the Provisional President (see GUATE- 

 MALA), and the intervention of Gen. Barillas and 

 Gen. Bogran had the effect of rallying the peo- 

 ple to his support. The defeat of Gen. Rivas, 

 after a sanguinary struggle for the possession of 

 the capital, consolidated his power, and soon 

 afterward the Guatemalan President was induced 

 by the members of the foreign diplomatic corps 

 to agree to a peace on condition that the people 

 of Salvador should be allowed a free expression 

 in the choice of their President. Gen. Rivas, 

 who was a supporter of Vice-President Ayala, 



