TYPE-WRITERS. 



811 



machine was then seen to consist of two parts 

 the body containing the keys, action, type-levers, 

 .and inking ribbon ; and the carriage in which was 

 the roller, around which the paper was placed. 

 'The roller was a rubber-faced cylindrical platen 

 to receive the impression, round which the sheet 

 of paper was conducted by rubber tapes and 

 metal guides. The carriage was hinged on a 

 supporting bar at the back, and upheld in front 

 by a wheel running on a planed way. A spring 

 connected with the carriage caused it to move 

 forward. There was also a ratchet feeding de- 

 vice, admitting of but one space forward action 

 at a time, with each impression struck. To ex- 

 amine the work, the carriage must be raised, and 

 when a line was completed the return motion 

 for the beginning of another line was given by 

 pulling a cord connected with pedal action, 

 which necessitated a special table with each ma- 

 chine. The alphabet consisted exclusively of 

 capital letters. On the front of the rack was a 

 .scale and pointer for regulating the work and 

 making adjustments. There were 44 charac- 

 ters on the key-board, but by combinations 

 others were easily made. A sheet of paper 8 

 inches wide was used, although the dimensions 

 of the instrument were about 16 inches each 

 way on the table. The type fitted into the end 

 of the bar, was of steel, and each letter occupied 

 a space nearly equal to the forward movement of 

 one tooth of the ratchet wheel, the spaces having 

 the same distance by the action of the space bar 

 extending across the front. 



The Remington Machine. In 1880 the 

 firm of E. Remington & Sons assumed the 

 charge of sales, and their name thus became 

 fully identified with the sale as well as the man- 



THK REMINGTON TYPE-WRITER. 



ufacture. In August, 1882, a partnership was 

 organized by William 0. Wyckoff, Clarence W. 

 Seamans, and Henry PI. Benedict, all of New 

 York, under the firm name of Wyckoff, Seamans, 

 & Benedict, for the business management of the 

 work in hand, and a steady advance in improve- 

 ment was entered upon, "it became evident in 

 the spring of 1875 that a machine printing cap- 

 itals alone would not grow rapidly in the pop- 

 ular esteem, and Byron A. Brooks, of New York, 

 who had begun as early as 1867 to solve the 

 problem of mechanical writing, devised a plan 

 for using two alphabets, capitals and small let- 

 ters, with one key-board. Mr. Brooks was a 

 professor of mathematics, and noticing that the 

 type-bar became at the moment of contact, a 

 tangent to the circumference of the printing 

 platen, and that by moving the platen slightly 



forward or back the tangency no longer existed 

 but a new center was crested, devi 

 headed type-bar containing both a cHjiiial an. I H 

 lower-case letter. Letters patent w, ,, ^ant..! 

 April :jq, 1878. There are practicully two renter- 



of printing, and the platen i> removed from 



to the other at the will of the operator. Tin- 

 capitals are all set in one line and tl,. 

 letters in another, no matter in what j*>rtion <,f 

 the circle the type bar may le hung. Tim-, 

 without duplicating the keys or increasing the 

 complication of parts, it is adapted to printing 

 both styles of letters. A shift bar was xo fitted 



that a spring gave precedence to the lov, 



letters ; but when a capital wa 



on the upper-case shift by a linger of the left 



)ital was wanted, a touch 



hand, caused the requisite movement and tin- 

 capital letter made its impress. The new ma- 

 chine was called the Remington No. 2, and the 

 first one made was put in the Paris Exposition 

 in 1878, where it received one of the few gold 

 medals awarded to American inventors. Another 

 improvement that distinguished the No. 2 from 

 its predecessor was the enlargement of the letter 

 distance, so that sixty impressions or letters were 

 made on the line of 6f inches instead of 70 inches 

 as in the No. 1. Also, by a slight rearrangement 

 of the keyboard, 39 keys were made to operate 

 80 characters, consisting of capitals and small 

 letters, figures, punctuation marks, and a limited 

 number of commercial signs. The dimensions of 

 this machine were reduced to 15 inches si jiia re- 

 table surface, and 12 inches height. Its weight 

 was reduced to 23 pounds, and the line to G| 

 inches in length, giving 10 spaces to an inch. 



The Remington No. 3 is an advance on X<>. 

 2, necessitated by legal and commercial require- 

 ments, was made, and the Remington No. '> was 

 introduced in February, 1886. It is distinguished 

 chiefly by its wide paper carriage, holding a sheet 

 fourteen inches across, and printing a twelve- 

 inch line. The keys are increased to print, 

 with shift, 84 characters. They include com- 

 mercial signs, marks of reference, etc. The 

 frame and parts are strengthened and modified. 

 This wide-carriage type-writer is demanded in 

 Europe more than in the United States, for 

 there the law requires many documents to be on 

 paper wider than ordinary ; yet insurance agents, 

 abstract makers, and many attorneys in thir 

 country have felt the need and welcome the 

 style. The degrees of spacing are at the will of 

 the operator. 



Other forms of the Remington machine are 

 made for special purposes, but present no vari- 

 ation in the principle. 



The Hansen Type- Writer. In the chrono- 

 logical order the "writing ball" of the Rev. 

 H. R. M. J. Hansen, of Copenhagen, Den- 

 mark, appears to be the only foreign com- 

 petitor that American type-writers have 

 first patent awarded him in the United States 

 bears date April 23, 1872 (125.JKW). and this was 

 followed bv others in 1872, 1874, and 1875, but 

 none have yet been manufactured on this side 

 of the Atlantic. It was exhibited at the C 

 tennial in 1876, and won a gold medal. A few 

 have been brought to this country by touns 

 A hemispherical shell is mounted on the mouth 

 of a conical shell, inverted, and from the si 

 face of the ball protrude the ends of 54 pist 



