812 



TYPE-WRITERS. 



penetrating the interior, surrounded by springs, 

 and directed toward the point of the cone, which 

 is open an inch square. These pistons have each 

 a cap for fingering, and on the lower end a type 

 face. There are one alphabet, figures, points, 

 and miscellaneous signs. These are necessarily 



THE HANSEN MACHINE. 



cut, each at its own angle on its rod, so that 

 when pushed down it will print squarely and in 

 line at the point of the cone. The pistons act 

 swiftly, noiselessly, and easily, striking through 

 an inked ribbon, held on reels on either side of 

 the letter orifice. The ' ball " is supported by 

 arms from the base, and hinges on one side, so 

 that it may be lifted. The paper is held in a 

 frame resting on guides, and is propelled by a 

 coiled spring connection. The framework under- 

 neath supports an " anvil " to receive the impres- 

 sion. The length of the printed line is 7 inches. 

 The " ball " falls slightly under each impression 

 and releases the letter-spacing action. These 

 machines are in use in England and on the 

 Continent. The top of the ball and all the keys 

 may be covered by the two hands of the operator. 

 A bell sounds four spaces from the end of a line, 

 and a scale is mounted behind the machine to 

 show the location of impressions. The apparatus 

 stands 6 inches high, 7 inches deep, and 11 

 inches wide, and the weight is about 8 pounds. 

 The Caligraph. This machine is an out- 

 growth of the Remington. It was invented, 

 perfected, and introduced to public use by Mr. 

 George W. N. Yost, previously mentioned. Dif- 

 ferences of opinion on the part of interested per- 

 sons and patentees, together with financial em- 

 barrassments and difficulties connected with the 

 manufacture of the Sholes and Glidden, deter- 

 mined him to found a rival enterprise. Seventy- 

 five per cent, of the machines sold throughout 

 the country had been returned for repairs, and 

 interest in the success of the enterprise was 

 reaching a low ebb, when, in the summer of 

 1879, Franz Wagner, a skilled German mechanic, 

 instructed and directed by Mr. Yost, made the 

 first model of the " Caligraph," and the first 

 patent on it as an independent machine was 

 granted March 18, 1884 (U. S. Pat., 295,469). 

 Improvements were constantly made, a factory 

 was established in New York city, and the effort 

 culminated in the manufacture of a machine 



accomplishing the same end as the Remington, 

 but by varying methods. As a matter of fact, 

 Yost, as a power in the Remington, fought him- 

 self as a power in the Caligraph. The Rem- 

 mington shops and the Caligraph shops, little 

 dreaming that the same genius spurred them on, 

 became rivals in putting out good work. The 

 consequence was two good machines on the mar- 

 ket. The Caligraph and the Remington are both 

 "basket" machines, but a critical examination 

 shows that the Caligraph is made with a light- 

 er frame ; it does not have the shifting bar for 

 striking capital letters, but arranges a series of 

 keys for capitals on either side of the main board, 

 so that each letter and each character has its own 

 independent key. The levers are hinged on a, 

 principle that brings the key-board nearer to the 

 middle of the instrument, and are covered in such 

 a way as to afford a little shelf for either copy or 

 making notes. The space bar, instead of being 

 in front of the key-board, is on either side, and 

 instead of being struck by the finger, is acted 

 upon by the touch of the outer edge of either 

 hand. The Caligraph is made in two sizes. In 

 No. 1 four faces of type are offered, with 48 char- 

 acters. The machine weighs about 15 pounds, 

 occupies 15 by 13 inches of table space, and is 

 10 inches high. No. 2 has 72 characters, weighs 

 about 21 pounds, occupies 14 by 18 inches of 

 table surface, and 'is 12 inches high. It is so- 

 arranged that a sheet of 1H inches can be typed 

 with a line of 9 inches. The capital-letter 

 keys are black, and at the sides of the board. 

 The space between the operator and the keys is 

 occupied by the extension of the different levers 

 to the hinging bar. The cylinder platen has a 

 polygonal surface, the impressions being re- 

 ceived on the faces. The carriage is adjustable 

 as in the Remington, but actuated by a torsion 

 spring. The spacing for impressions is regu- 

 lated by a double-sliding ratchet at the back of 

 the paper carriage. In April, 1883, the manu- 

 facture of the Caligraph was removed to Corry, 

 Pa., and afterward it was transplanted to Hart- 

 ford, Conn. At the New Orleans Exposition, in 

 1885, the Caligraph received the medal. 



The Brooks Type-Writer. Byron A. Brooks, 

 of New York, after patenting the upper and 



THE BROOKS TYPE-WRITER. 



lower case improvement on the Remington type- 

 writer in 1878, which assured the success of the 

 machine, devoted much study and experiment to 



