820 



UNITED STATES, 



appropriated $65,000 as the share of the United 

 States in the survey for the first year. Similar 

 action was taken by the governments of the Ar- 

 gentine Republic, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ec- 

 uador, Mexico. Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. 



DAVID J. BREWER.* 



In pursuance of a resolution of Congress the 

 President sent invitations for a meeting of del- 

 egates to consider the establishment of an inter- 

 national monetary union to assemble at Wash- 

 ington on the first Wednesday in January, 1891. 

 The recommendations for the establishment of an 

 international bureau of information at Wash- 

 ington were approved by Congress, and the 

 bureau has been organized by the Secretary of 

 State. The preparation of a code of nomencla- 

 ture for articles of merchandise exported and 

 imported was begun, and when completed it will 

 be submitted to the several governments repre- 

 sented at the conference. Congress adopted 

 also the recommendations in regard to reciproc- 

 ity treaties, and authorized the President to 

 enter into negotiations for the free exchange of 

 certain products with the countries of South and 

 Central America. 



Robert Adams, Jr., was nominated minister 

 to Brazil on Jan. 30, and confirmed by the Senate 

 on Feb. 11. Charles Emory Smith was nomi- 

 nated minister to Russia on Feb. 10. Adam E. 

 King, of Maryland, was appointed consul-gen- 

 eral at Paris on July 3. On Sept, 26 the Pres- 

 ident sent in the name of E. Burd Grubb, of 

 New Jersey, as minister to Spain, and that of 

 Edwin H. Conger, of Iowa, as minister to Brazil, 

 Mr. Adams having resigned, and both appoint- 

 ments were promptly approved by the Senate. 

 As members of the International Railway Com- 

 mission he nominated, on Sept. 29, A. J. Cassatt, 

 of Pennsylvania, George M. Pullman, of Illinois, 

 and Ilenfy G. Davis, of West Virginia. For the 

 vacant Portuguese legation be selected, on Sept, 

 30, George S. Batchellor, of New York. 



The Army. Tho army of the United States 

 in 1890 had 2,170 officers on the list and a total 

 force of 25,220 enlisted men. In the 25 infantry 

 regiments, of which 2 are colored, there were 877 

 officers and '12,125 men; the 10 regiments of 

 cavalry, 2 of them colored troops, had 432 officers 



* For a biographical sketch of Justice David J. Brewer, 

 see the " Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1889, p. 305. 



and 6,050 men ; the 5 regiments of artillery, of 12 

 batteries each, contained 282 officers and 3,675 

 men; and the battalion of engineers, recruiting 

 parties, ordnance department, hospital service, 

 Indian scouts, Military Academy, signal-service 

 detachment, and different branches of the ad- 

 ministrative service numbered 579 officers and 

 3,370 men. Maj.-Gen. John M. Schofield, com- 

 manding the army, has his headquarters at 

 Washington. Maj!-Gen. Oliver 0. Howard was 

 in command of the military division of the At- 

 lantic, occupied by 2 regiments of infantry and 

 4 of artillery. Maj.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles com- 

 manded the Division of the Missouri, where 19 

 regiments of infantry and 7 of cavalry are sta- 

 tioned. The Department of Dakota was in com- 

 mand of Brig.-Gen. Thomas H. Ruger. The 

 Division of the Pacific, occupied by 4 regiments 

 of infantry, 3 of cavalry, and 1 of artillery, was 

 commanded by Brig.-Gen. John Gibbon. The 

 commands in the other military departments 

 were distributed as follow : Department of the 

 Missouri, Brig.-Gen. Wesley Merritt ; Depart- 

 ment of Texas^ Brig.-Gen. David S. Stanley ; De- 

 partment of the Columbia, Brig.-Gen. John Gib- 

 bon ; Department of the Platte, Brig.-Gen. John 

 R. Brooke; Department of Arizona, Brig.-Gen. 

 A. McD. McCook. Brig.-Gen. John C. Kelton 

 was adjutaitt-general of the army; Brig.-Gen. 

 Richard N. Bachelder, quartermaster-general ; 

 Brig.-Gen. William Smith, paymaster-general ; 

 Brig.-Gen. Beekman Du Bary, commissary-gen- 

 eral ; Brig.-Gen. C. Sutherland, surgeon-general ; 

 Brig.-Gen. Adolphus W. Greely, chief signal 

 officer; Brig.-Gen. Thomas L. Casey, chief of 

 engineers; Brig.-Gen. Joseph C. Breckinridge, 

 inspector-general : and Col. Guido N. Lieber, 

 acting judge advocate general. 



Pensions. The disbursements on account of 

 military pensions during the year ending June 

 30, 1890, was $106,493,890. The number of pen- 

 sioners on the rolls at the end of the year was 

 537,944, an increase during the year of 48,219. 

 Of the tqtal number, 392,809 we're invalid ex- 

 soldiers, an increase of 41,325; 104,456 widows 

 of soldiers, an increase of 6,866 : 5,274 invalids 

 of the navy, an increase of 727; 2,460 widows 

 of persons 'who had served in the navy, an in- 

 crease of 194 ; 413 survivors of the War of 1812, 

 a decrease of 190; 8,610 widows of survivors of 

 1812, a decrease of 1,354 ; 17,158 survivors of the 

 war with Mexico, an increase of 93 ; and 6,764 

 widows of soldiers in the war with Mexico, an in- 

 crease of 558. The number of applications filed 

 in 1890 was 105,044 and the number of claims 

 allowed was 66,637, of which 50,305 were claims of 

 invalids and 14,612 of widows and others. The 

 average annual amount of the pensions on the 

 roll at the end of 1889-'90 was $133.94. 



Postal Service. The number of post-offices 

 on June 30, 1890, was 62,401, an increase during 

 the year of 3.905. The revenue of the department 

 for the year 1889-'90 was $60,882,097, and tho ex- 

 penditure $65,930,717. During the two years pre- 

 ceding 14,072 postmasters were removed, 6,274 of 

 them in 1889-'90. The number of new appoint- 

 ments for the two years was 26,680. The in- 

 crease in receipts as compared with the previous 

 year was over $4,750.000. 



Public Lands. The aggregate area of pub- 

 lic lands in the States and Territories surveyed 



