UNITED STATES. 



up to June 30, 1890, was 986,084,675 acres, and 

 the area remaining unsurveyed was 829,419,472 

 acres, including unsurveyed railroad, school, 

 swamp land, and private claims, Indian and 

 other reservations, and the mountain areas and 

 other districts unfit for settlement. A compara- 

 tively small quantity of the public lands suitable 

 for homesteads remain available under the laws 

 of free entry. Alaska, containing 369,529,600 

 acres, is not included in the above total. The 

 Government, up to June 30, 1890, had patented 

 to States for wagon roads 1,782,731 acres; to 

 States for canals, 4,424,073 acres ; to States and 

 corporations for railroads, 51,379,346 acres ; and 

 under river-improvement grants, 1,406 210 acres 

 total, 58,992,360 acres. The number of acres 

 entered under the homestead act in 1890 was 

 5,531,678, compared with 6,029,230 in 1889, 6,- 

 676,616 in 1888, 7,594,350 in 1887, 9,145,136 in 

 1886, 7,415,886 in 1885, and 7.831,510 in 1884. 

 The number of acres entered under the timber 

 culture act was 1,787,403 in 1890, compared with 

 2,551,069 in 1888, 3,735,305 in 1887, 4,224,397 in 

 1886, 5,391,309 in 1885, 4,755,006 in 1884, and 4,- 

 084,464 in 1883. The number of acres transferred 

 to actual settlers during 1889-'90 was 19,000,000. 

 The receipts from public lands were $7,470,370. 



Indians. The Indian population of the 

 United States in 1890, exclusive of the five civ- 

 ilized tribes and the Indians of Alaska, was 250,- 

 483. Of these, 67,586 were clothed wholly an'd 

 44,522 in part in citizens' dress, 21,576 could 

 read, 24,976 could speak English well enough 

 for ordinary intercourse, and 19,785 were mem- 

 bers of Christian churches. The number of 

 dwelling houses occupied by Indians was 16,544, 

 and 167 church buildings were provided for 

 them. The number of Indian apprentices was 

 570. There were 253 male missionaries in the 

 tribes. The number of births during 1889-'90 

 was 5,181 ; of deaths, 4,719. There were 36 In- 

 dians killed by Indians, 13 killed by citizens, and 

 7 whites killed by Indians during the year; and 

 the number of Indian criminals condemned by 

 civil and military tribunals was 666. and by tri- 

 bal tribunals 529, while 234 crimes were com- 

 mitted by white men against Indians. The In- 

 dians of Alaska are estimated to number 37,000. 

 The aggregate area of the various Indian reser- 

 vations in the United States is about 116,000,000 

 acres, or 181,250 square miles, or sufficient to 

 give each individual Indian over 750 acres. Dur- 

 ing 1889 and 1890 arrangements were made for 

 the transfer of 14,726,000 acres of the Indian 

 lands to the Government. 



On Feb. 10 the Sioux Reservation in South 

 Dakota was opened to settlement by the procla- 

 mation of President Harrison. 



Political Conventions. A convention of 

 colored men met in Washington which, on Feb, 

 6, nominated P. B. S. Pinchback as candidate 

 for the presidency. On Feb. 18 the National 

 Woman Suffrage Association assembled in con- 

 vention in Washington. The Republican Na- 

 tional Committee came together at Washington 

 on May 27. On May 28, and the following days, 

 a reunion of Federal and Confederate soldiers 

 was held at Vicksburg. A national convention 

 of the Farmers' Alliance began at Ocala,Fla., on 

 Dec. 2 (see the article FARMERS' ALLIANCE, in 

 this volume). 



UNITED STATES CENSUS. 821 



UNITED STATES CENSl S. The elev- 

 enth decennial census of the t'nited State* 

 taken in 1890, promises to produce U-ttcr rr- 

 suits than any Investigation <rf tin- kind 

 attempted. The act authorizing it. approved 

 March 1, 1889, provided for a census of the 

 population, wealth, and industry of the t'nit..! 

 States, to be taken June 1, 1890. It was enact- 

 ed that the schedules of inquiries should be the 

 same as those provided for in the Kcvis, 

 utes of 1878, as amended by section 17 of the 

 act of March 3, 1879, " with such changes of the- 

 subject matter, emendations, and modification- 

 as may be approved by the Secretary of th.- 

 Interior, it being the 'intent of this section t.. 

 give to said Secretary full discretion over the 

 form of the schedules of such inquiries." Ann.n^ 

 other changes made before final issue of the n< -\v 

 schedules, it was required to be ascertained what 

 language was spoken by each person enumcrat -d : 

 the length of time a resident of the United States ; 

 if naturalized, and if naturalization papers had 

 been taken out. Questions were included to dis- 

 cover from mothers the number of their children. 

 and of such number, how many were living. The 

 act directed that the names, organizations, and 

 length of service of those who had served in 

 the army, navy, or marine corps of the United 

 States in the civil war, and who were survi\or- 

 at the time of the census inquiry, and the wid- 

 ows of soldiers, sailors, or marines, be taken on 

 a special schedule. It was also required that t he 

 population schedule should include an inquiry 

 as to the number of negroes, mulattoes, quad- 

 roons, and octoroons. The Superintendent of 

 Census was instructed to obtain from railroad 

 corporations, incorporated express companies, 

 telegraph companies, insurance companies, and 

 all corporations or establishments reporting 

 products other than agricultural products, re- 

 ports of and for the fiscal year terminating near- 

 est to the first of June, 1890. That officer was 

 also authorized to collect and publish statistics 

 of the population, industries, arid resources of the 

 Territory of Alaska, " with such fullness as he 

 may deem expedient, and as he shall find prac- 

 ticable under the appropriations made, or to be 

 made, for the expenses of the eleventh census." 

 Authority was given to collect the statistics of 

 and relating to the recorded indebtedness of pri- 

 vate corporations and individuals, such statistics 

 to be gathered at the same time as, or prior to. 

 the general enumeration. Information as to 

 animals not on farms was called for from official 

 sources. In section 9 of the act the Superin- 

 tendent of Census was authorized to employ 

 special agents or other means to make an enu- 

 meration of all Indians living within the juris- 

 diction of the United States, and obtain infor- 

 mation as to their condition, classifying them as 

 to Indians taxed and Indians not taxed. 



It was definitely slated that the only volumes 

 to be prepared and published in connection with 

 the census should relate to population and so- 

 cial statistics relating thereto, the products of 

 manufactures, mining, and agriculture, mortal- 

 ity and vital statistics, valuation and public in- 

 debtedness, recorded indebtedness, railroad cor- 

 porations, incorporated express, telegraph, and 

 insurance companies, a list of the names, organi- 

 zations, and length of service of surviving sol- 



