UNITED STATES CENSUS. 



diers, sailors, and marines, and the widows of 

 soldiers, sailors, and marines. 



The appointment of experts to collect special 

 statistics was permitted by a provision of sec- 

 tion 18, to the effect that the Superintendent 

 might withhold the schedules for manufactur- 

 ing, mining, and social statistics from the enu- 

 merators of the several subdivisions, and might 

 charge the collection of these statistics upon ex- 

 perts and special agents, to be employed with- 

 out respect to locality. The employment of 

 experts and special agents to investigate and 

 ascertain the statistics of the manufacturing, 

 railroad, fishing, mining, cattle, and other in- 

 dustries of the country, and of telegraph, ex- 

 press, transportation, and insurance companies 

 was also sanctioned. 



What is termed the special work of the census, 

 branching out in one way or another from the in- 

 formation contained in enumerators' schedules, 

 or altogether separate and distinct from the ques- 

 tion of population, called for the formation of 

 numerous divisions, each placed in charge of a 

 special agent or chief of division. To show the 

 method of organization, the names or titles of 

 these divisions are here given : Appointments, 

 Disbursements and' Accounts, Geography, Popu- 

 lation, Vital Statistics, Church Statistics, Educa- 

 tion, Pauperism and Crime, Wealth, Debt and 

 Taxation, National and State Finance, Farms, 

 Homes and Mortgages, Agriculture, Manufact- 

 ures, Mines and Mining, Fish and Fisheries, 

 Transportation, Insurance, Printing and Station- 

 ery, Special Classes, Alaska, Indians, Social Sta- 

 tistics of Cities, Revision and Results. 



The titles of the first two are sufficient to 

 explain the nature of work to be done. The 

 division of Geography is responsible for the 

 proper definitions of all boundaries, and the ex- 

 act location of every place referred to in official 

 census maps and charts. The distribution of 

 population in latitude and longitude, determina- 

 tion of the center of population, distribution by 

 drainage basins and in accordance with tempera- 

 ture, rain fall, elevation above sea-level, and 

 certain topographical features is defined and 

 planned as part of the general work. The Pop- 

 ulation division, responsible primarily for the 

 work of enumerators, then undertakes the recep- 

 tion and sorting of schedules, witli all arrange- 

 ments for the preparation of exhibits showing 

 in every detail the preliminary and final results 

 of the census proper. In addition to the prepa- 

 ration of material for the population volume, the 

 task of compiling the volume to contain the 

 names, organizations, and length of service of 

 those who served in the army, navy, or marine 

 corps in the civil war, and who were survivors 

 at the time of the census inquiry, and the widows 

 of soldiers, sailors, or marines will be carried 

 out in this division. The editing of this latter 

 work includes a comparison of returns received 

 from enumerators with the records of the Pe? sioti 

 Office. The division of Vital Statistics accepts 

 the responsibility of giving complete and ac- 

 curate information concerning marriages, births, 

 and deaths. It includes special studies of birth 

 and death rates, the latter in relation to topog- 

 raphy, drainage, character of habitations, over- 

 crowding, poverty, and other environments. Sev- 

 eral other special investigations are being made. 



The scope of inquiry under the heading of Church 

 Statistics is limited to organizations or societies ; 

 church edifices, seating capacity ; value of church 

 property, and number of communicants. The 

 division of Education aims to secure a full state- 

 ment of the financial condition of the public- 

 school system, with a showing, as complete as 

 possible, of the forces engaged in education in 

 the great groups of public, private, and parochial 

 schools, with the number of pupils. A special 

 feature will be the enumeration of pupils under 

 occupations, from which columns or tables will 

 be prepared showing who attended school as re- 

 ported by the patrons. The Pauperism and 

 Crime division will furnish a survey of the ma- 

 chinery of arrest, namely, the police and the 

 constabulary ; of conviction, i. e., courts having 

 criminal jurisdiction ; of incarceration, or the 

 prison and the prisoner; and of release from 

 prison. Reformatories for juvenile offenders and 

 others will be dealt with. The cost of pauperism, 

 with paupers supported in almshouses, will be 

 shown in the report. The division of Wealth, 



