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Brilliant Station, near Steubenvillc. Ohio. The im- 

 plement is an inch and three quarters long and three 

 quarters of an inch wide in its broadest part, and has 

 a projecting shoulder on one edge. The evi<>. 

 of the glacial age of the gravel, of the undisturbed 

 condition of the spot, and of the genuineness of the 

 implement as an article of human workmanship a< 

 sited by Prof. Wright seem very convincing, 

 and have been accepted as satisfactory by experts 

 to whom they have been submitted. That so few- 

 evidences of this kind have been found is accounted 

 for by Prof. Wright in the observation that. " when 

 we reflect upon the completeness with which the 

 habitations of the modern Indians have disappeared, 

 we need not be surprised at the total disappearance 

 of the habitations of glacial men. Nor is it strange 

 that well-accredited discoveries of his implements 

 have so rarely been made in the undisturbed gravel, 

 which gives us the surest evidence of his great an- 

 tiquity. Naturally, the cautious inhabitant of that 

 time would have been somewhat careful about ven- 

 turing down into the river valleys, whose terrific and 

 periodical floods were depositing the terrace gravel, 

 and even though the imbedded implements were 

 much more numerous than they are. they would be 

 really so few in proportion to the great ma- 

 mate'rial that the chances of finding one in place 

 would be extremely small. I have looked in vain 

 for implements in the extensive gravel pits on the 

 C'helles and the Somme in France, and so have the 

 majority of archaeologists who have visited those 

 famous localities." 



In a special examination of the glacial drift of 

 the "Lalor farm," near Trenton. X. -I., by Prof. G. 

 F. Wright and Mr. Frnest Yolk, a situation was 

 chosen on the bluff, about 50 feet above the level of 

 the Delaware river, in which there could not have 

 been any modification of the deposit by surface 

 wash. A trench was dug. 3 feet deep and 3 feet 

 wide, about 40 feet backward from the face of the 

 bluff. The upper 12 inches of the trench consi-ud 

 of sand discolored with vegetable decomposition. 

 which had evidently been disturbed. In this strip 

 were found 2 flint arrowheads or spear heads. 1 

 argillite chip, and 1 flint chip, together with a 

 broken pebble. 4 pieces of pottery, and a piece of 

 charred bone. The lower 2 feet of the excavation, 

 except where interrupted by a pit. consisted of com- 

 pact sand distinctly stratified, which had clearly 

 been undisturbed. In this were found at varying 

 depths 1 imperfect argillite implement about 3 

 inches long, an inch and a half wide, and a quarter 

 of an inch thick, with fine unrolled and angular 

 fragments of argillite. 2 of which bore tolerably 

 clear evidence of having been chipped by human 

 hands. These were the only fragments. There were 

 no chippings or fragments of flint or jasper in the 

 lower 2 feet of the excavation. Prof. F. W. Put- 

 nam remarked, after the reading of Prof. Wright's 

 paper in the American A>sociation for the Ad\ 

 ment of Science, that during the two years of Mr. 

 Yolk's archaeological work on the Lalor farm flint 

 and jasper implements had been found abundant 

 throughout the upper 12 inches of the soil, while 

 no flint or jasper had occurred in the lower 2 feet 

 of undisturbed sand and gravel : but Mr. Yolk had 

 described between 30 and 4<> argillite implements 

 and fragments that had been subsequently found in 

 the lower 2 feet. The artificial character of these 

 pieces was undoubted. The bearing of these dis- 

 ier with other observations of the 

 authors and Dr. (.'. ('. Abbott in the same region, is 

 regarded by them as being clearly to show that there 

 was a distinct succession in the human occupation 

 of the Delaware valley, indicated first by tl 

 use of argillite for implements, followed by a grad- 

 ual and almost complete transition to the as 



flint and jasper in later times. It is claimed, too, 

 that they sweep away the ingenious theories that 

 would account for the occurrence of implements in 

 the lower sand and gravel by invoking the airi-ncy 

 of dry-weather cracks in the surface, the overturn- 

 ing of trees, the decay of tap roots, and the activity 

 of burrowing animals, for none of these ageiicie- 

 would select the argillite and leave the flint and 

 jasper on the surface. A number of neolithic axes 

 were described in the American Association by Prof. 

 K. \V. Claypole, which were found at Xew London, 

 Huron County, Ohio, by an intelligent workman 

 while digging a well 20 feet below the surface. The 

 features of the formation were those characteristic 

 of the glacial deposits of northern Ohio. This is 

 regarded as one of the most satisfactory instances 

 of the discovery of implements in the glacial till yet 

 recorded. 



Architecture of the Cliff Dwellers. Two pre- 

 viously unexamined cliff houses in the "Red Rock " 

 country. Verde valley, Arizona, have been explored 

 by 3. Walter Fewkes. who. describing them in the 

 'American Anthropologist." names them Palatki 

 (Red House) and Honanki (Bear House). Palatki 

 lies in a well-wooded canon, near a prominent butte 

 a few miles west of Indian Garden. Its foundations 

 rest on the top of a talus of fallen debris, and the 

 whole building is " plastered to the side of the cliff, 

 and when seen from the plain reminds one of a 

 swallow's nest placed above the trees.'' Entrance 

 from the outside is easy. A marked architectural 

 feature is a series of bow-shaped curves in the front 

 wall. About 4 miles west of Palatki is a small 

 house. Honanki, which, while it differs somewhat 

 from Palatki. so nearly resembles it that it is re- 

 ferred to a related people. Palatki seems to have 

 been the home of related clans of small size, while 

 Honanki was a large pueblo the largest cliff 

 house yet reported from the Yerde valley. It was 

 not. however, a compact village, but stretched along 

 the face of the precipitous cliff for more than an 

 eighth of a mile. It is easy of access. The ruin had 

 a high round tower at its eastern end. which was 

 provided with windows and small peepholes. The 

 building may have contained 200 rooms and have 

 mmodated. by a conservative estimate, between 

 300 and 400 people. High above the extreme west 

 end of the houses was perched a walled-up crypt, 

 which was without external opening and ina< 

 ble. Directly beneath it was an ash heap from 

 which charred bones and fragments of pottery 

 were taken. The ruin is protected by an overarch- 

 ing cliff, and is mounted on a shelf of rock 10 feet 

 high. Utensils for kindling fire, sandals of yucca- 

 fiber basketry: a fireplace, grinding box. corn cobs, 

 and corn at Palatki : and a stone implement ce- 

 mented with pitch into a wooden handle at Ho- 

 nanki so far unique in the cliff-house finds were 

 recovered from the ruins. A lesson of wide appli- 

 cation is drawn by the author from the character of 

 these and other cliff dwellers' ruins, illustrated by 

 the wideness of the variation exhibited in the out- 

 ward appearance of the houses and the objects 

 found in them, evidently all the work of people in 

 comparatively the same stage of culture. These 

 differences are. in the author's opinion, "simply the 

 result of surroundings, and can be directly traced 

 to the geological formations with which the build- 

 ers had to deal in different parts of the valley. 

 The makers of these houses not only were obliged 

 to use the material at hand, since transportation of 

 building stone was beyond their powers, but they 

 also adapted the style of their buildings to the pos- 

 sibilities of their surroundings. In the tufaceous 

 rocks the builder abandoned masonry and burrowed 

 cavate chambers. This habit he combined with 

 walls in the well-known Casa Montezuma. on Beaver 



