ARCHAEOLOGY. 



A IK! KXTIXK REPUBLIC. 



The coffin does not bear the same name inside and 

 outside. Inside the deceased is called Jinan. lie 

 was a man of high rank with numerous titles, 

 among which are those of Head of the Treasury 

 and Head of the Granaries, showing that his posi- 

 tion was one of considerable powers. On the out- 

 side lie is called Jh-ntulioti-p, a name probably as- 

 sumed to associate him with his king. 



I'.y clearing away the rubbish from the great 

 temple of Karnak the walls and pillars in the Hall 

 of Columns have been nearly doubled in height, 

 and an avenue of sphinxes has been found, leading 

 westward ti a stone quay, on the walls of which are 

 inscriptions of historical value. The buildings at 

 Medinet Abu have also been cleared, so as to show 

 their true proportions. In excavating the temple of 

 Mut at Karnak, Miss Benson has found a fine marble 

 statue of Sen-Milt, the architect of this temple and 

 of that of Deir-el-Hahari, who also, according to 

 his inscriptions, superintended the construction 

 of certain buildings in the temples of Karnak and 

 Luxor and was overseer of the granary of Amen. 

 Another statue of this architect is in the museum 

 at Berlin, and the German consul at Luxor has his 

 walking stick with his name engraved upon it. A 

 scarab has been found at Kom Ombo. in the style 

 of the thirteenth dynasty, which is inscribed with the 

 words " Sutekh Apopi," confirming the statements 

 of Manetho and the Sallier papyrus that the rule of 

 this Hyksos king extended over Upper Egypt. 



The missing cap of the sphinx was found in 

 February by Col. G. E. Raum, while excavating at 



THE CAP OF THE SPHINX. 



Gizeh, at a depth of 14 or 15 fV<>1 below the surface. 

 It measures 4 feet 3 inches in extreme length, 2 feet 

 9 inches in width, and 2 feet 2 inches on t he top. 

 It is marked with the 3 lotos columns, under which 

 is a figure, probably of a snake. The cap was 

 found in the temple between the forepaws of the 

 sphinx, was painted red, and bears an inscription. 



In the course of clearing 'the island of Phihe of 

 rubbish in order to permit a thorough examination 

 of the ancient monuments, the discovery lias been 

 made that the foundations of the main temple of 

 Tsis are laid upon the granite rock, being in some 

 places more than 2t feet in depth, and that the, 

 temple lias nearly as much masonry below "round 

 as above ground. The southeastern colonnad- 

 also its foundations upon the granite, and the- 

 curious if not unique in design. They' consist of 

 parallel cross walls several metres hii;h. but varying 

 according to the slope of (lie ruck surface, with 

 lai-Lf" stone slabs placed hori/ontally upon their 

 tops, and the pillars forming the colonnade are 

 erected upon the slabs. The nilometer is marked 

 in three charactersDemotic, Coptic, and another 

 much olde-. A *i<-la was found bearing a trilingual 

 inscription in hieroglyph. Xo traces were discov- 

 ered of any buildings anterior to the Ptolemaic 

 period. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, a federal republic 

 in South America. The President is elected for six 

 years by electors chosen in the several provinces. 

 The National Congress consists of a Senate, com- 

 posed of 3d members, 2 from each province, and 2 

 from the capital district, and a House of Deputies, 

 composed of 86 members elected in as many dis- 

 tricts by direct popular suffrage, whereas the pro 

 vincial Senators are elected by the legislatures, and 

 those representing the capital by an electoral col- 

 lege. The President of the republic for the term 

 ending Oct. 12. 1898, is 'A. S. Uriburu. who was 

 elected Vice-President under Dr. Saen/. Pefia and 

 succeeded to the presidency upon the resignation 

 of the latter on Jan. 22. IS!),"). The Cabinet in the 

 beginning of 1896 consisted of the following: Sec- 

 retary of the Interior, Dr. B. Zorilla: Secretary of 

 Foreign Affairs, Dr. Amancio Alcorta; Finance, 

 Dr. J. J. Romero: Justice, Worship, and Public 

 Instruction, Dr. A. Bermejo; Army and Navy, (Jen. 

 Yillanueva. 



Area and Population. The republic has an 

 area of 1.125.osi; square miles, containing a resi- 

 dent population of 3.973.626 souls when "the last 

 census was taken. May 10. 1895. The population 

 has been rapidly augmented by immigration from 

 Europe. The arrivals in 1885' numbered 108.722: 

 in 1SS6. 93.116; in 1SS7. 12H.S42: in 1888. 155.632; 

 in 1889. 2(50.909: in 1890. 138.407: in isui, 78,- 

 597; in 1892. 7:!.294: in 1*93. S4.420 : in 1*94, (,- 

 671. Among the immigrants who came in 1s9l 

 were 37,699 Italians. 8,122 Spaniards. 3.132 Rus- 

 sians. 2.890 Russian -lews, 2.107 French. 971 Ger- 

 mans, and 440 Austrians. About 25 per cent, of 

 the present: population of the republic are of Italian 

 parentage. The Spanish and French immigrants 

 are mostly Basques. Buenos Ayres. the capital of 

 the republic, had 615.226 inhabitants in 1895. Of 

 these about 170,000 were foreigners. The popula- 

 tion of the neighboring city of La Plata was 60,- 

 9V> ; O f Cordoba, 54.400: of Rosario, 124,305; of 

 Santa Fe, 35.28S. Primary education is secular. 

 free, and compulsory. The sum devoted to elemen- 

 tary education in 1890 was $10,415,789, raised by 

 provincial school taxes supplemented by liberal 

 contributions from the General Government, 

 which maintains the lycenms for secondary 

 education, one in each province and the capi- 

 tal, and the Fniversities of Cordoba and Buenos 

 Ayres, agricultural colleges, normal schools, etc. 

 In 1892 there were 2,731 elementary schools, with 

 6,si!4 teachers and 228.439 pupils; 450 professors 

 and 3,169 students in the lyceums; and 900 univer- 

 sity students. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 March 31, 1894, was 27.790,500 in gold and $21.- 

 861.412 in paper. In the year ending March 81, 

 1895, was $19.271,941 in gold and $72.065.221 in 

 papej, of which amount, $17,793.570 in gold and 

 $58,578,898 in paper were the cost of administra- 

 tion and expenses of the debt. For 1896 the gold ' 

 revenue, derived from customs and port dues, is es- 

 timated at $31,048,000, and the revenue collected in 

 paper currency at $49,560,000, of which $5.610,000 

 is derived from railroads, $3,100,000 from land 

 and general taxes, $5,200,000 from stamps, $3,540,- 

 000 from posts and telegraphs, $22,010,000 from 

 revenue taxes, and $10,000,000 from miscellaneous 

 sources. The total expenditure is estimated at $20,- 

 491,483 in gold and $85,600,000 in paper. The ex- 

 penditure for the debt is $13,646.203 in gold and 

 *9,943.000 in paper; for war, $5,000.000 in gold 

 and $20,327.000 in paper ; for the Interior and Con- 

 gress, $1,500,000 in gold and $21,841,000 in paper; 

 for Foreign A (fairs, $345,280 in gold and $585,000 

 in paper; for Finance, $6.292.000 in paper; for 

 Justice, Instruction, and Worship, $11,974,000 in 



