70 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



corporations, 2,712.600 florins ; tax on capital and 

 interest, 4,684,000 florins; income tax, 16,200,000 

 florins; mining tax, 100,000 florins; tax on rail- 

 roads, 5,760,000 florins; military tax, 2,400,000 

 florins. Among the indirect taxes, estimated to 

 yield 172,713,011 florins, the tobacco monopoly was 

 expected to give 52,090,391 florins ; the liquor tax, 

 40,034,000 florins ; the beer duty, 6,090,000 florins ; 

 the duty on wines, 7,500,000 florins; the sugar duty, 

 7,250,000 florins ; the duty on petroleum, 6,130,000 

 florins ; the tax on cattle, 3,300,000 florins ; the salt 

 monopoly, 15,395,982 florins; stamp duties, 12,782,- 

 000 florins; court fees, 19,030,000 florins: a lottery, 

 2,511,200 florins; and other taxes, 539,438 florins. 

 The revenue from the property and establishments of 

 the Government was estimated at 59,486,180 florins, 

 of which sum 35,241,570 florins represent the net 

 receipts from railroads, 14,838,075 florins earnings 

 of mines and the mint, 8,209,606 florins revenue 

 from forests, 775,000 florins earnings of the pub- 

 lic printing office, and 421,929 florins receipts 



PAVILION OF COMMERCE, HUNGARIAN MILLENNIAL EXPOSITION. 



from domains. The expenditure is estimated for 

 1896 at 472,987,244 florins, of which 437,366,347 

 florins represent ordinary expenditures. Among 

 these the sum of 128,983,143 florins is for expenses 

 of the national debt, 13,679,305 florins for debts of 

 guaranteed railroads acquired by the state, 558.008 

 florins for other guarantee! railroad debts, 8,145,999 

 florins for pensions, 40,535 florins for courts of law, 

 145,249 florins for the accountant general's office, 

 437,060 florins for the minister presidency, 8,167,539 

 florins for the administration of Croatia, 78,185 flor- 

 ins for the Cabinet chancery, 1,754,019 florins for the 

 Parliament, 4,650,000 florins for the civil list, 71,592 

 florins for the ministry ad latits, 42,840 florins for 

 the Ministry for Croatia, 15,870,734 florins for the 

 Ministry of the Interior, 78,619,990 florins for the 

 Ministry of Finance, 91.002.116 florins for the Min- 

 istry of Commerce, 16,828,693 florins for the Min- 

 istry of Agriculture, 10,957,694 florins for the Min- 

 istry of Instruction and Worship, 15,558,075 florins 

 for the Ministry of Justice, 14,469,537 florins for 

 the Ministry of National Defense, and 27,306,034 

 florins for the Hungarian quota of common ex- 

 penditure. Besides the ordinary expenditure 9,372,- 



219 florins are required for transitory expenditure, 

 19,620.271 for investments, and 6,628",307 florins for 

 extraordinary common expenditure. 



In the budget for 1897 the ordinary receipts are 

 estimated at 465,191,881 florins and the nonrecur- 

 ring receipts at 10,134,424 florins, making a total of 

 475,326,305 florins. The ordinary expenditure for 

 1897 is reckoned to be 441,275,181 florins; the non- 

 recurring expenditure, 8,013,952 florins ; and the re- 

 productive expenditure, 19,051,651 florins. 



Millennial Exposition. An exposition com- 

 memorating the one-thousandth year of the nation's 

 birth was opened amid gorgeous pageantry by the 

 King at Buda-Pesth on May 2, 1896, and was con- 

 tinued till Oct. 31. The most interesting part of 

 the exhibition was the historical section, consisting 

 of buildings of all centuries filled with historic 

 treasures. One structure was a reproduction of the 

 fortress of Buda in the time of the Turkish con- 

 quest. Hungarian and Transylvanian industrial 

 products, the wares produced in Croatia and Sal- 

 vonia, and all the agri- 

 cultural resources of the 

 country were fully ex- 

 hibited. There was an 

 ethnographical village 

 illustrating the compo- 

 site racial character of 

 the thoroughly nation- 

 alized Hungarian popu- 

 lation. 



The earliest records 

 of the Hungarian nation 

 there preserved arc in 

 the works of a Byzantine 

 and an Arab writer. 

 According to them, the 

 Magyars were a tribe of 

 Turkish nomads who 

 were driven from their 

 own territory by their 

 more powerful country- 

 men, and wandered 

 westward until they 

 reached Hungary .by 

 way of the lower Dan- 

 ube, being invited to set- 

 tle there by King Ar- 

 nulph of Bavaria, who 

 desired their military 

 assistance in his war 

 against the Slavic King 

 of Moravia. They con- 

 tinued to live in Hungary according to their primi- 

 tive customs as nomadic warriors for nearly a 

 century, making periodical raids in all parts of 

 Europe and capturing numerous prisoners, whom 

 they employed in agricultural labor while they re- 

 mained the warrior caste and dominant race. It 

 was toward the close of the tenth century that they 

 embraced Christianity and blended together the 

 various ethnical elements that had become resident 

 in Hungary, thus constituting the Hungarian na- 

 tion. It was this political evolution that was com- 

 memorated in the millennial festival. During the 

 centuries that followed, the Magyar minority still 

 continued to rule over the non-Magyar majority 

 by force of their warlike character and genius for 

 government, and by the aid of their free institu- 

 tions and the hospitality that they extended to 

 foreigners they succeeded in maintaining their 

 power through many vicissitudes. The Christian 

 armies stood as the sentinels of Western civiliza- 

 tion, offering stubborn resistance to the inroads of 

 Turkish hordes. If they had not borne the brunt and 

 formed an effective bulwark against the barbarism 

 of the East the progress and civilization of central 



