100 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



Chamber, as it sees fit ; but any laws passed by the 

 First Chamber, so long as they do not trench on the 

 subjects specially reserved for 1 lie Second Chamber, 

 have force, and 'can not be vetoed by the Second 

 Chamber. The number of burghers possessing the 

 full voting franchise in lS!),-> was 22.638. 



The President is S. J. Paul Kriiger, elected for 

 the third term of five years on May 12, 1893. The 

 F.xecutive Council is composed of the Commandant 

 General, P. J. Joubert ; State Secretary, W. J. 

 Leyds; J. H. M. Kock, Keeper of the Minutes; and 

 X. .1. Smit and M. A. Wolmarans, unofficial mem- 

 bers. 



Area and Population. The Republic has an 

 estimated area of 119,139 square miles. The cen- 

 sus of IS! K). which was very imperfect, made the 

 white population 119.125, consisting of 66,498 males 

 and 52.fi:{() females. The native population was es- 

 timated in April, 1895, at 653,662. Pretoria, the 

 capital, has a white population of about 8,000. The 

 population of Johannesburg, the center of the Wit- 

 watersrand gold fields, was estimated to have a 

 population of 60,000 at the close of 1895, and other 

 camps bad a floating population of about 45,000. 

 Of the total white population in 1895, the Uitland- 

 ers numbered 75,720, of whom 41,445 were British 

 subjects and 34,275 were other foreigners, including 

 439 Americans. 



Finance. The ordinary revenue for 1894 was 

 2,247,728, and for the first six months of 1895 

 1,472,953. The expenditure was 1,734.728 for 

 1894 and 971,488 for six months in 1895. The 

 balance on June 30, 1895, was 882,919. The pro- 

 visional estimates make the revenue for the whole 

 year 1895 1,859,582 and the expenditure 1,595,- 

 757. The fees and licenses from the gold fields 

 provide the bulk of the revenue, other sources being 

 sales of land, quit rents, customs duties, stamps, 

 transport dues, and the native hut tax. The reve- 

 nue from the gold fields was 492,830 in 1890, 

 405,397 in 1891, 636,313 in 1892, 581,977 in 

 1893, and 972,311 in 1894. The import duties 

 amounted to 812,173 in 1894. The estimates for 

 1896 make the total revenue 4,462,193, of which 

 $1,200,000 come from customs, 482,000 from min- 

 ing licenses, 162,925 from the hut tax and native 

 poll tax, 212.000 from fines, 110,000 from the 

 post office, 86,000 from telegraphs, 322,327 from 

 railways, 200,000 from stamp duties, 275,000 

 from transfer dues, 58,872 from diggers' licenses, 

 54,200 from stand, or building-plot, licenses, and 

 :!5.000 from the dynamite monopoly. The chief 

 items of expenditure are 943,510 for war, 898,041 

 for salaries, 242,421 for police, 80,909 for tele- 

 graphs, 44.374 for the post office, 730,000 for 

 public works, 19.241 for the judicial department, 

 :N.sr)0 for the administration of justice, 585,350 

 for special expenditure, and 103,000 for education. 



The obligations of the Government consist of a 

 debt of 165,767 due to the British Government, a 

 loan of 2,500,000 obtained from the Rothschilds, 

 and other liabilities, which bring the total up to 

 I".'. 7'i4. :;.">!. The expenditures are mostly for civil 

 administration and public works. For education. 

 '::::;. 107 was expended in 1894 on 6,691 pupils. The 

 military expenditures are slight, as the republic 

 maintains no standing force except a small body of 

 artillery. In ca<e <>( war. the whole body of 

 burghers ci,u be called out. The rolls contained in 

 the names of 20/J99 able-bodied citizens be- 

 tween the ages of eighteen and fifty. 



Commerce ami Production. Stock-raising is 

 tneprinci] ition of the burghers. The ag- 



ricultural production is scarcely sufficient to sup- 

 ply the population. There are excellent coal mines 

 111 t! 'rand and in the eastern districts 



w! "'' 1 ' !' : 2,882 tons in 1894, valued at 



359,694. The Rand, Barberton, and other gold 

 fields produced 2,239,865 ounces of gold in 1894, 

 valued at 7,667,152. In 1895 the product was 

 8,577,550 about one fifth of the world's produc- 

 tion and about the same amount as the United 

 States or Australia produced. Since 1890 the yield 

 has increased at the rate of 1,200,000 a year. In 

 1895 the dividends paid by 32 companies amounted 

 to 2,258,441. It has been calculated that by the 

 end of the century the annual production will reach 

 26,000.000, and that within fifty years 700,000,- 

 000 will have been taken out of the Rand mines 

 alone, of which 200,000,000 will be clear profit, 

 Silver, copper, lead, and other minerals are found 

 in various parts of the country. There are also 

 vast quantities of superior iron ore, and immediately 

 adjoining are beds of good coking coal. These re- 

 sources have not been developed. The coal beds 

 lying between Pretoria and Delagoa Bay are of 

 enormous extent. A bed of magnetite-iron ore, 

 from 20 to 40 feet wide, yielding 70 per cent, of 

 metal, extends for several miles alongside the re- 

 cently discovered seams of coking coal. 



Besides gold, the principal exports are wool, cat- 

 tle, hides, ostrich feathers, grain, ivory, spirits, and 

 minerals. The value of imports recorded in 1894 

 was 6,440,215, of which 3.938.214 came from 

 Europe, 1,135,409 from Cape Colony, 676,197 

 from Natal, 454,051 from the Orange Free State, 

 and 67,609 from America. Timber and mining 

 machinery have been imported largely from the 

 United States. 



Communications. The railroad from Pretoria 

 to the Vaal river. 78 miles, joins the extension of 

 the Cape Railroad built through the Orange Free 

 State, connecting the Transvaal capital with Cape 

 Town by 1,040 miles of railroad. By the continua- 

 tion of the Natal line from Charlestown Pretoria is 

 connected by 511 miles of rail with Durban, 207 

 miles being on Transvaal territory. The same line 

 passes through Johannesburg. A line from the 

 Portuguese boundary to Pretoria, 295 miles, con- 

 nects with the Delagoa Bay Railroad. A line to 

 Selatie, 191 miles, is not yet completed. There 

 were altogether 424 miles of railroads open to 

 traffic in September, 1895, and 384 miles more were 

 under construction. The telegraphs in the Repub- 

 lic have a length of 1,952 miles. 



Dr. Jameson's Raid. Plans for an expedition 

 against Johannesburg and a simultaneous revolu- 

 tionary uprising of the Uitlanders of the Rand were 

 laid early in the autumn of 1895 or before. During 

 the month of November active preparations were 

 carried on for Kimberley by Dr. Jameson and the 

 aiders and promoters of the enterprise. Lee-Met- 

 ford rifles, Maxim guns, and field pieces were sent 

 up to Pitsani, where a military camp was estab- 

 lished. The British South African volunteer force 

 gathered there, augmented by freshly enlisted men 

 from the territory and 100 or more recruits 

 from Cape Colony, was trained and drilled during 

 the months of November and December. The 

 troops of the Chartered Company marched from 

 Buluwayo on Oct. 29, and arrived at Pitsani at the 

 beginning of December. Sir John Willoughby and 

 Major Robert White were the most active organ- 

 izers of the military force. Hundreds of horses 

 were purchased. Another camp was established at 

 Mafeking, where the members of the Bechuanaland 

 border police force were collected to be paid off and 

 mustered out. The disbandment of this force and 

 their re-enlistment in the British South Africa 

 Company's service was made a cloak to hide effec- 

 tually all the military preparations that were going 

 on, and when public suspicion was at last excited 

 the story was circulated that a campaign was in 

 preparation against Linchwe, the chief who pos- 



