112 



CAPE COLOXY. 



killed l.")0 mon, and raptured 500 women and chil- 

 dren, l.HHt) caitle. and a great quantity of pmvi- 

 sions and loot stored near the ent ranre of Mlimo's 

 rave. A proclamation was issued on July 7 offer- 

 ing amnesty to all rebels, except ringleaders and 

 those guilty of murder or outrage, who surrendered 

 themselves before Aug. Hi; others would be treated 

 ;i< outlaws and suffer the punishment of death. 

 The white residents feared that the offer of amnes- 

 ty would be construed by the natives as a sign of 

 weakness. The people of Rhodesia were disturbed 

 also because Mr. Rhodes had been forced to resign, 

 with Alfred Beit, from the directorate of the Char- 

 tered Company on account of the incriminating 

 telegrams produced in the Pretoria trial. 



(ien. Carrin<rton determined to end the Matabele 

 revolt, if possible, by striking a derisive blow at the 

 chief impi in the Matoppo hills. A column of 1,150 

 men reached the ground on July 20 by a forced 

 night march, and Col. Baden-Powell carried several 

 kopjes. Suddenly his force was surrounded and 

 he was forced to retreat, pursued by the enemy. 

 Capt. Laing's column attacked another position on 

 the same day, with as little success. Gen. Carring- 

 ton, who had 1,900 white and 1,600 native troops, 

 then decided not to enter the hills, but to build 

 forts around them and starve out the rebels. 

 Parties were sent through the country to seize all 

 the grain, the greater part of which they destroyed 

 notwithstanding the great dearth. The plan was 

 to patrol the country and prevent natives from 

 planting corn and herding cattle until the hostile 

 bodies that could not be dislodged from the kopjes 

 and caves made their submission. In Mashonaland, 

 after the arrival of imperial troops and Cape and 

 Natal volunteers, the same tactics of destroying 

 grain and burning kraals were adopted. Upon re- 

 consideration Sir Frederick Carrington accepted 

 the offer of assistance from Cape Colony, especially 

 of a transport train, with the stipulation that the 

 Chartered Company should iiltimately refund the 

 pecuniary outlay. After the forts were built the 

 lines were drawn closer around the rebel positions 

 in the Matoppo hills. Col. Plumer's column on 

 Aug. ."i attacked Secombo's stronghold and scattered 

 his impi, killing 300. Other strongholds were cap- 

 tured with less difficulty. When the Kaffirs found 

 that the English could bring their mountain and 

 machine guns up to attack their mountain fast- 

 nesses they became discouraged. They tried every 

 savage stratagem to rush the batteries and come to 

 close quarters, where they could use their stabbing 

 assegais, but did not once succeed. Five of their 

 chiefs and many of their most noted warriors were 

 dead, and Huntwani, their best general, was badly 

 wounded. In Mashonaland, Col. Alderson surprised 

 and captured the kraal of the chief rebel, Makoni, 

 on Aug. 8, killing 200. When Aug. 12 arrived, the 

 rebels were given four more days in which to sur- 

 render. After several days of preliminary negotia- 

 tions, during which Secombo, Babyan, Inyanda, 

 and the other chiefs at one time expressed defiance 

 and at another said they wen; willing to surrender, 

 Cecil Rhodes, .1. \V. Colenbrander, and Dr. Sauer 

 went into the heart of the .Matoppos and held an 

 in'lfitjd, or conference, with Somabuhina. Umln/ulu, 



:ibo. Inyanda, Gunu, Secota, and other indutmx 

 who tendered their submission to Mr. Hie. 

 plained of some of the Government officials and 

 native police, declaring that neither he nor Dr. 

 Jameson knew what had been done in Mala- 



"id, and promised that if Mr. Rhodes stayed 

 and cared for them t liey would not tight. About 

 100 kraals surrendered, bul at another conference, 



with Dhilso, Babyan, Oshete, and Karl Kumalo. 

 s '"' <mir men came armed and carried 



tn '"- ; ",itiy. These chiefs recounted also 



CHEESE, FILLED. 



the wrongs from which they had suffered, the in- 

 justice and exactions of the commissioners, the 

 stealing of their women by the police, the seizure 

 of half their cattle, and, as it seemed to them, 

 the wanton destruction of those that were left to 

 them. Mr. Rhodes would not promise that they 

 should be allowed to carry arms, even for hunting. 

 He warned them that if they continued fighting 

 they would be hemmed in by forts, and in the end 

 all must perish. The Matabele chiefs continued the 

 negotiations till the middle of September, and then 

 did not deliver up their arms, but gradually they 

 returned and occupied their former kraals. In 

 Mashonaland. Makoni and other leaders were cap- 

 tured and shot, and the people returned to peaceful 

 pursuits without a formal surrender. Fighting had 

 almost ceased before the rainy season began. 



One result of the war was to hasten the comple- 

 tion of the railroads projected for Rhodesia. Work 

 on the Beira line was interrupted by the revolt, but 

 was afterward pushed forward much faster toward 

 Salisbury. The other line was ordered to be ex- 

 tended from Mafeking so as to reach Palapye, 

 Khama's capital, by April, 1897, the Tati gold fields 

 in the following September, and Buluwayo before 

 the end of the year. 



German Southwest Africa. The disturbances 

 in the Transvaal and a fresh rising of the natives 

 in Hererolahd prompted the German Government 

 to increase the strength of the military forces under 

 the command of Major Leutwein in Southwest 

 Africa from 540 to 1,000 men. The German pos- 

 sessions have an area of 320,000 square miles. 

 About 200 Germans had settled there before the 

 fresh accession to the colony of about 300 of the 

 colonial troops who received "grants of land when 

 their time expired in 1896. The Hereros became 

 insolent and insubordinate early in 1896. On 

 April 5 two engagements were fought near Gobabis 

 with a strong force of Khanas Hottentots, who 

 were aided by Damaras. The Germans were finally 

 victorious in a hand-to-hand fight, but they lost 8 

 men. The rebels were armed with modern rifles. 

 These they were supposed to have obtained from 

 Bechuanaland. Major Leutwein, on May 7, stormed 

 the stronghold of the rebel chieftain Kahimema 

 with the help of loyal Hottentots and Hereros and 

 made him and his whole tribe prisoners, putting an 

 end to the revolt. Fresh discoveries of guano drew 

 the attention of German and English capitalists to 

 German Southwest Africa. 



CHEESE, FILLED. The annual cheese pro- 

 duction of this country is about 260,000,000 pounds, 

 requiring the milk of about 1,000,000 cows. The 

 value of the product is about $25,000,000. The 

 States of New York and Wisconsin together pro- 

 duce two thirds of this amount. The consumption 

 of cheese is about 3 pounds per capita per annum. 



The manufacture of filled cheese is an industry 

 that has sprung up in recent years. Filled cheese 

 is made by extracting the butter fat from milk, and 

 substituting neutral lard, or lard manufactured 

 from the leaf lard of the hog. It is called " mar- 

 garine cheese " in England, and is designated as 

 "imitation cheese" in the laws of several States. 

 Its most appropriate designation would be " lard 

 cheese." A valuable constituent of cheese is casein, 

 which is the same in filled cheese as in cream cheese. 

 The only essential difference between the two arti- 

 cles is the substitution of the fat of the hog for that 

 of the cow. The neutral lard used is tasteless and 

 odorless, and usually sells for about 1 cent a pound 

 more than the best family lard. The skimmed 

 milk and lard reduced to an oil are sprayed together 

 at a temperature of 130 to 140, in the proportion 

 of about 4 parts of milk to 1 of oil. The emulsion 

 resulting is then run into cheese vats and mixed 



