252 



EAST AFRICA. 



prince, and not be prosecuted or in any way pun- 

 ished for his opposition to the British authorities. 

 While this matter was still the subject of diplomatic 

 correspondence, the refugee was taken on board the 

 German cruiser " Seeadler," and conveyed to Ger- 

 man East Africa, a proceeding against which the 

 English consul in Zanzibar lodged a protest. The 

 estates of 12 wealthy Arabs were confiscated by the 

 British authorities in Zanzibar, in consequence of 

 their complicity in Khalid's rebellion. This caused 

 many Arabs to remove their effects and take refuge 

 in the German possessions or elsewhere. 



The Salisbury Cabinet shortly after assuming 

 office pledged itself to carry out the promise of the 

 Liberal ministers to abolish the legal status of 

 slavery in Zanzibar and Pemba at as early a date 

 as possible. In the session of 1896 Mr. Curzon, on 

 being pressed by the representatives of the Anti- 

 slavery Society, renewed this pledge and said that 

 the Government would come to a decision as to the 

 final measures to be adopted with a view to their 

 being put into execution in the autumn. The 

 number of slaves on the islands working on the 

 plantations was said to have trebled within a dozen 

 years. It was estimated that there were from 144,- 

 000 to 266,000 of them, and of these 90 or 95 per 

 cent, were illegally held in slavery in defiance of 

 the Sultan's decree of June 5, 1875, which made it 

 unlawful to introduce new slaves into the islands. 

 The Sultan's proclamation of Aug. 1, 1890, prohib- 

 ited all traffic in slaves. The continuance of slavery 

 at Mombasa, Zanzibar, and Pemba makes it impos- 

 sible to suppress slave raiding in the interior and 

 the slave trade with Arabia which Great Britain 

 has endeavored for many years to stop by patrolling 

 the seas with a large and expensive naval force. 

 The movement of slaves in the mainland is always 

 toward the coast, now under a British protectorate. 

 Pemba, besides being one of the principal slave 

 countries in the world, using up a great number by 

 its hard and cruel plantation system, is. moreover, 

 the chief source of supply for the slave dhows that 

 carry on a secret and illicit trade with Arabia. 



British East Africa. The British East Africa 

 Company had occupied the whole country as far as 

 Uganda, and that between Uganda and the river 

 Semliki and Lake Albert Edward, when it retired 

 from Uganda in March, 1893. On June 19, 1894, a 

 British protectorate was proclaimed over Uganda. 

 On June 15, 1894, a protectorate was proclaimed 

 over the country between the coast and Uganda, in- 

 cluding Vitu. The British sphere in East Africa is 

 assumed to include, besides Uganda, the native ter- 

 ritories of Unyoro, Usoga, Ankori, Mpororo, Koki, 

 part of Ruanda, the former equatorial province of 

 Egypt, part of Kordofan and Darfur, and a large 

 part of Somaliland, embracing a total area of over 

 1.000,000 square miles. Ernest L. Berkeley is the 

 British commissioner for Uganda proper, under 

 Arthur H. Ilardinge, the British agent and consul 

 general at Zanzibar, who has direct control of the 

 Coast strip leased from the Sultan of Zanzibar, 

 while a subcommissioner under Mr. Berkeley has 

 charge of communications between the coast and 

 Uganda. The customs revenue for 1893 was 2(51,- 

 554 rupees. The value of the imports was 1,807,- 

 208 rupees, and of the exports 1,287,399 rupees. 

 The principal exports are sesame, ivory, rubber, 

 gums, copra, coir, orchilla weed, and hides. 



It was decided before the Conservative Govern- 

 ment took office in England that the projected 

 Uganda railroad should be built by the British 

 Government. The estimated cost' for a very 

 light railroad was 1,157,000. The Salisbury 

 Government proposed one of broader gauge and 

 heavier rails that will cost not less than 3,000,000, 

 and this plan was finally approved by Parliament 



on Aug. 1, 1896. The distance from Mombasa to 

 the east corner of Victoria Nyanza is 657 miles. 

 The gauge is 3 feet 6 inches. The first rail was laid 

 on May 29. 1896. Native laborers and about 2,000 

 Indian coolies have been employed on the work. 



In 1895 a rebellion broke out on the mainland 

 north of Zanzibar, which at the beginning of 1896 

 attained serious and grave dimensions. Two or 

 three important chiefs were drawn into the rebel- 

 lion, and the troops of the protectorate on the spot 

 were not capable of dealing with it satisfactorily. 

 The movement spread over a wider area, until it 

 was necessary to bring over i\ Sikh regiment from 

 India to cope with the difficulty. The trouble be- 

 gan when the British, in February, 1895, set up the 

 youth Rashid as successor to his father, Salim, the 

 late chief of Takaunga, a district halfway between 

 Mombasa and Malindi, rejecting the claims of Ma- 

 burak-bin-Rashid. whom the tribe desired and fol- 

 lowed. When the latter refused to abdicate the 

 forces of the protectorate destroyed his headquar- 

 ters at Gonjoro. He took refuge with the chief of 

 Gazi, who threw in his lot with the Takaunga rebels 

 at Mweli. On Aug. 17, 1895, this place was at- 

 tacked and captured. The rebellion spread until 

 Indian troops had to be imported in March, 1896. 

 In February the rebels attacked and set fire to Mo- 

 lindi. The operations were carried on until in 

 April Mubarak and his followers crossed over into 

 German territory. Negotiations were then entered 

 into with Major von Wissmann, the result of which 

 was that Mubarak agreed to lay down his arms, the 

 German Governor allotting him a tract of land at 

 Mau, south of Tanga. 



Operations carried on against Kabarega, King of 

 Unyoro, in the summer of 1895 had the result of 

 driving him across the Nile. The expedition, com- 

 manded by Capt. T. Ternan, consisted of 20,000 

 Waganda levies and a small column of Soudanese, 

 who defeated Kabarega's army at Umruli, pursued 

 Kabarega over the Nile and for some distance into 

 the Wakeddi country, set free 2,000 captive women 

 and children, captured the Wanyoro queen, who 

 afterward induced many natives to return to their 

 homes in the occupied region, seized a great num- 

 ber of cattle, and built a fort at Masindi. in the 

 heart of Kabarega's country, over the whole of 

 which British rule was established. 



The Waganda have made great progress under 

 British administration. Many of the chiefs have 

 built stone and brick houses and supplied them- 

 selves with European furniture and other conven- 

 iences of civilized life. The English Protestant and 

 the. French Catholic missionaries pursue their work 

 in amicable rivalry, having abolished the former 

 division of territory between them. Mengo has an 

 efficient police force that patrols the town day and 

 night. The Nubian troops are trained in English 

 tactics. The native people are loyally co-operating 

 with the white men in repairing the ravages of 

 war with signal success. Banana gardens are re- 

 planted, bridges built, roads cleared, and swamps 

 drained. The English resident, George Wilson, 

 has made considerable plantations of coffee, tobacco, 

 and English fruit trees. 



German East Africa. The German sphere in 

 East Africa is estimated to embrace 380,000 square 

 miles, with a population of 2,900,000. The German 

 Government after suppressing the Arab revolt of 

 1889, assumed the political administration of the 

 territories, being represented by an imperial Gov- 

 ernor, Major von Wissmann. The Government 

 grants subsidies for railroads to the interior and 

 steamers on the lakes, and maintains a school at 

 Bagamoyo. The total expenditures for 1895-'96 

 were estimated at 5,837,000 marks. The value of 

 the imports in 1894 was $2,913,317 in silver, and of 



