EGYPT. 



25 r 



script ion at the age of nineteen, but are not usually 

 called up for service until they attain the age of 

 twenty-three, when they serve six years and are 

 then drafted into the po'lice for five years of serv- 

 ice, or into the first reserve. Subsequently they 

 are in<erilied in the second reserve, and serve four 

 years lunger. 



The British army of occupation had in the be- 

 ginning of 1895 an effective strength of 5,066 of- 

 ,-ind men. 



Commerce and Production. The total value 

 of merchandise imports in 1894 was K. 9.266.116. 

 and of exports H. Il.s!2.s75. The imports of 

 were K. 1.995.676, and the exports K. 

 1 .si 6/256. The commercial intercourse with differ- 

 ent countries in 1894 is shown in the following 

 table : 



The values of the leading imports in 1894 were : 

 Cotton manufactures. E. 1.484.665: silk, woolen, 

 linen, and other textile fabrics. E. 1.177.098: 

 timber. E. 507,763 ; tobacco, E. 498.883 : c-.al. 

 E. 492.103 ; iron and steel goods, E. 462,941 : 

 clothing and hosiery. V.. 371.861 : petroleum and 

 oils, E. 289,960; machinery. E. '2*7/258: wine. 

 beer, and spirits. E. 28 'Tee. E. 273.- 



4W: fresh and preserved fruit. E. '241/234: indi- 

 go. E. 200.959: live animals. E. 180.915: wheat 

 and flour. E. 17S.195: rice. E. 10-2.007: sugar 

 E. '28.5<'i7. Nearly half the tobacco imported is 

 re-exported in the form of cigarettes. The coal im- 

 ports consist largely of steamer supplies put down 

 at Port Said and re-exported after paying 1 per 

 cent. duty. 



The values of the principal exports in 1894 were : 

 Cotton. E. s.181.170; cotton seed. E. 1.457.7'2!i; 

 beans. E. 6*1.046: suirar. E. 6'29/293 ; onions, 

 E. 160.668: wheat. K. 110.936: rice. E. 86,- 

 307; hides and skins. 'J K. *2.526 : maize. E. 66,- 

 046: wool. E. 47.S45 : lentils. E. 17.595; flour, 

 E. 8/244: gum arabic. E. 2.018. More of the 

 long-fibered Egyptian cotton is imported into the 

 United States each succeeding year, the amount 

 having increased from 3.815 bales in 1885 to an es- 

 timated quantity of 50.000 bales, valued at $3.75' >.- 

 000. in 1896. Of the crop of 1894. amounting to 

 6:;!i..-,v> bales. '276/294 bales went to Great Britain. 

 i:!-2.309 to Russia. 54.457 to Austria. 46/24'2 to 

 France. 44.554 to the United States. 43.803 to Italy. 

 19.007 to Spain, 7.600 to India. 7.477 to Germany. 

 and 7,839 to Belgium. Greece. Roumania, Turkey. 

 Japan, and Sweden. The quantity raised in Egypt 

 has increased from 406.000 bales of 750 pounds in 

 l**6to 691,333 bales, the estimated crop of 1896. 

 The staple of the cotton from the Nile delta, vary- 

 ing from 1 inch to li inch in length, is match- 

 :'or fine threads in strength and lustrous finish. 

 It is a good substitute for Sea Island cotton, and 

 usually brings 2 cents a pound more than good 

 VOL. xxxvi. 17 A 



American upland cotton. The export of cotton in 

 1 *'.i.-, was E. 1,332,000 more in value than in 1*91, 

 due to the ri<e in price. There was an increase in 

 the exports (if maize, skins, and leather, and a de- 

 eiva~e in cotton seed, beans, and sugar cane. The 

 total value of the imports in 1895, excluding tobac- 

 co, was E. 7.S79.IMM). and of the export- E. 12.- 

 582.000. More than 60 per cent, of the exports 

 went to Great Britain, 5 per cent, more than in the 

 previous year. 



The exports to Great Britain declined since 1892 

 from 58'8 per cent, of the total exports to 54'8 per 

 cent., while imports from Great Britain increased 

 from 33'7 per cent, to 34'4 per cent. Germany's 

 share in the imports advanced from 2 to 2'5 per 

 cent., France's from from 9'4 to 9'6 percent., Italy's 

 from 3 to 3'6 per cent., and Russia's from 3'8 to 4 

 per cent., while that of British possessions in the 

 East declined from 6'7 to 5'3 per cent., of Turkey's 

 from 20'9 to 19'6 per cent., of Austria-Hungary 

 from 8'6 to 8-1 per cent. The share of America in 

 the exports increased from 1'3 to 2-7 per cent., of 

 Russia from 13 to 15'3 per cent., of Italy from 4'6 

 to 4-9 per cent., and of Spain from 1-2 to 2 - l per 

 cent., while the proportion of France declined from 

 8'1 to 7'5 per cent., that of Turkey from 3'5 to 2*9 

 per cent., and that of Germany from 2'3 to 2'2 per 

 cent. 



Communications. The railroads belonging to 

 the Government had a total length in the begin- 

 ning of 1895 of 1,098 miles, besides which there 

 were 72 miles belonging to private corporations. 

 There were 809 miles in the delta and 361 miles in 

 Upper Egypt. In process of construction were 137 

 miles. The receipts in 1894 from 9.827.813 passen- 

 gers and 2.391.868 tons of freight were E. I.(in7.- 

 070, while the working expenses were E. 776.75:!. 

 being 43 per cent, of the gross receipts. A private 

 company has agreed to build before June, 18'.'7. a 

 new line from Keneh to Assouan, the Government 

 guaranteeing E. 17.600 interest annually for eighty- 

 years, at the end of which the railroad will become 

 its absolute property, and during that period profits 

 in excess of E. 21.000 a year accrue to the Gov- 

 ernment, which will operate the line. The tele- 

 graphs belonging to the Government had on Jan. 1, 

 1895. a total length of 2/269 miles, with 7.164 miles 

 of wire. The number of dispatches in 1894 was 

 1,988.765. 



The postal traffic in 1894 consisted of 10.060.000 

 internal and 4.106.500 foreign letters and post 

 cards, 4.490,000 internal and 2.413.500 foreign news- 

 papers and circulars, and 424,700 postal orders and 

 remittances of the total value of E. 14/200,000. 



Navigation. During 1894 the number of vessels 

 entered at Alexandria was 2.375. of 2/221.145 tons; 

 the number cleared was 2.397. of 2/201.8*5 tons. 

 Of the vessels arriving. 689. of 988,850 tons, were 

 British: 141. of 292/236 tons, French; 913, of 230,- 

 512 tons. Turkish: 137. of 220.275 tons. Italian: 

 139. of 196.302 tons, Austrian : 84. of 155/286 tons. 

 Russian : 42. of 59.036 tons. Swedish and Norwe- 

 gian : 23. of 33.475 tons. German ; 153. of 32.314 

 tons. Greek ; and 45, of 11,959 tons, of other nations. 



Suez Canal. The number of vessels that ] . 

 through the Suez Canal in 1894 was 3.352. having a 

 gross tonnage of 11,283,855 tons and paying 2.!'51.- 

 073 in dues. Of the vessels. 2.386. of s.326.826 tons, 

 were British: 296. of 887.363 tons. German: 1x5. 

 of 710.990 tons, French : 191. of 484.570 tons. Dutch ; 

 78, of 278.799 tons. Austrian: 63, of 181.149 tons. 

 Italian : 35. of 119,363 tons. Russian : 28, of 118.233 

 tons. Spanish: 41. of 92.323 tons, Norwegian: 33, 

 of 57.038 tons, Turkish : 6. of 17.148 tons, Japanese : 

 5. of 5.436 tons, American : 2. of 3.175 tons, Egyp- 

 tian : and 2. of 1.202 tons. Portuguese. The num- 

 ber of passengers who passed through was 165,968. 



