31G 



GERMANY. 



1896, in the China Sea and lost with 75 men. The 

 new battle ship " Kaiser Friedncli III," launched 

 on July 1, 1896, is designed to surpass in righting 

 power any naval ship yet built. 



Commerce. The total value of the special com- 

 merce in 1894 was 4,285,5:33,000 marks for imports 

 and 3,051,480,000 marks for exports. The various 

 classes for merchandise imported and exported 

 were valued in marks as follows : 



The imports of horses were 61,624,000 marks in 

 value; of hogs, 80,754,000 marks; of wheat, 117,- 

 916,000 marks; of rye, 54.544,000 marks; of barley, 

 104,380,000 marks; of coffee, 202,793,000 marks; of 

 petroleum, 45,536,000 marks; of hides, 97,293,000 

 marks ; of cotton, 199,605,000 marks; of wool, 22.',- 

 520,000 marks; of woolen yarn, 100,633,000 marks: 

 of silk, 77,407,000 marks. The exports of hops 

 were valued at 21,505,000 marks ; of sugar. 209,- 

 174,000 marks; of coal, 136,715,000 marks; of ani- 

 line dyes, 53,183,000 marks ; of wood manufactures, 

 46,692,000 marks; of paper, 55,452.000 marks; of 

 leather goods, 72,317.000 marks; of cotton cloth, 

 54,431,000 marks ; of mixed silk and cotton cloth, 

 79,061,000 marks; of woolen goods, 117,714.000 

 marks; of hosiery, 81,973,000 marks ; of trimmings. 

 etc., 85,532,000 marks. Of the total imports 2,160,- 

 187,000 marks were subject to duty and 2,125.- 

 346,000 marks were free. The duties paid averaged 

 18' 1 per cent, of the value of the goods. The im- 

 ports of gold and silver in 1894 amounted to 322,- 

 278,000 marks, and the exports to 88.826,000 marks. 



The participation of the various countries in the 

 commerce of the German customs union is shown 

 in the following table, giving the values in marks, 

 of the imports from and the exports to each country 

 in 1894: 



and of the exports 3,310,000,000 marks. The re- 

 turns indicate an improvement in the industrial 

 conditions, and in so far justify the commercial 

 treaties which the Agrarians have attacked. The 

 merchandise exports, amounting to 2,961,000,000 

 marks in 1894. increased :!49,000,000 marks in a 

 single year. At least two thirds of this increa.-e. 

 was due to the augmented exportation of purely in- 

 dustrial products, especially iron manufactures. 

 The imports of merchandise increased 782,000,000 

 marks, and amounted in 1895 to 4,092,000.000 

 marks. A large part of the increase was due to 

 the greater demand for raw materials. 



Navigation. The number of vessels of various 

 nationalities entered at German ports during 1893 

 and their total tonnage are given in the following 

 table, each vessel, though calling at different ports, 

 being counted only once : 



The number entered with cargoes was 57.224, of 

 13,582,967 tons, and in ballast 9,431, of 1,038,667 

 tons ; total, 66,655. of 14,621,634 tons. 



The number and tonnage of the vessels cleared 

 from German ports under the different flags are 

 given below : 



The total value of the imports in 1895, apart 

 from the precious metals, was 4,092,000,000 marks, 



The total number cleared was 67.219, of 14,734,- 

 653 tons, of which 49.815, of 10.008,581 tons, car- 

 ried cargoes and 17,404, of 4,726,072 tons, sailed in 

 ballast. 



The merchant navy in 1895 -comprised 2,622 sail- 

 ing vessels, of 660,856 tons, and 1,043 steamers, of 

 893,046 tons. Of the sailing vessels 630, of 118,912 

 tons, belonged to Baltic ports, and of the steamers 

 390, of 158,992 tons, while 1,992 sailing vessels, of 

 541.944 tons, and 653 steamers, of 734,054 tons, be- 

 longed to the ports of the North Sea. 



Communications. The Imperial and state gov- 

 ernments own all the railroads except 3,170 miles. 

 The total length open to traffic in 1895 was 27,851 

 miles, built at a cost of 11,105,722,000 marks. 

 There were 242,389,000 metric tons of freight car- 

 ried in 1894, paying 928,509,000 marks, and 521,- 

 479,000 passengers, paying 372,377,000 marks. The 

 net earnings were 4'95 per cent, on the capital, the 

 total receipts being 1.413,523,000 marks, and ex- 

 penses 863,309,000 marks. The rivers of Germany 

 have 5,649 miles of navigable waters, exclusive of 

 1,357 miles of canalized rivers. The length of 

 canals is 1,390 miles, not counting the 61 miles of 

 the strategic Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. This ship 

 canal, which was begun on June 3. 1887, and opened 

 for traffic on June 19, 1895, is 72 feet broad at the 

 bottom and 213 feet at the surface, and has a uni- 

 form depth of 29i feet. Its cost was 7.800,000 

 marks. The canal was not used as much as was ex- 

 pected, the receipts for the first eight months being 

 only one fifth of what was estimated, and conse- 

 quently the Government determined to allow after 



