GREAT BRITAIN AND I R K LAND. 



037 English boroughs having 0,100.730 electors, and 

 5 by K5.701 electors belonging to English universi- 

 ties, making the total number of English members 

 4!!."). representing 4.950.S05 electors; of the 70 

 Scotch nieinliers. representing 030.097 electors. 39 

 are elected by :} 19.004 county electors, 81 by Oos..-,o9 

 electors in the boroughs, and l>y 17,984 electors 

 belonging to universities: and of 103 members rep- 

 resenting the 730.550 voters of Ireland S5 are chosen 

 by counties containing 000.991 electors. 10 by 109,- 

 055 electors of borough constituencies, ami 3 by 

 4.500 university electors. The total number of 

 electors in the United Kingdom in 1895 was 6,832,- 

 454. about one sixth of the population. The repre- 

 sentation of the people act of 1884 extended the 

 voting franchise to householders and lodgers in 

 counties, the same classes in boroughs having al- 

 ready received it by the reform bill of 1867. No 

 clergymen of the Established Church of England 

 nor minister of the Scotch Established Church nor 

 clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church can sit 

 in Parliament, nor can any peer of Parliament or 

 h peer, but the disqualification does not ex- 

 tend to Irish peers unless they sit in the other 

 House. Government contractors are not eligible 

 and sheriffs and returning officers may not be can- 

 didates in the constituencies for which they act. 

 The fourteenth Parliament of Queen Victoria was 

 convened on Ang. 10. 1895. The committee of 

 ministers called the Cabinet exercises the executive 

 authority that is nominally vested in the sovereign, 

 making all appointments, directing the administra- 

 tion of internal, colonial, and foreign affairs, and 

 having the initiative in legislation so long as it is 

 supported by a majority of the House of Commons. 

 The Cabinet first formed on June 05. 1805. by the 

 Marquis of Salisbury consisted in the beginning of 

 1896 of the following members: Prime Minister 

 and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lord Salisbury: 

 Lord President of the Council. Lord Halsbury, for- 

 merly Sir Hardinge S. Gill'ard : Lord Privy Seal, 

 Viscount Cro-s. formerly Sir Richard Cross : 'chan- 

 cellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Lord James of 

 Hereford, formerly Sir Henry James: Eirst Lord 

 of the Treasury, Arthur J. Balfour: Secretary of 

 State for the Home Department. Sir M. White 

 Ridley: Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Michael 

 E. Hicks-Beach: Secretary of State for the Colo- 

 nies, Joseph Chamberlain : Secretary of State for 

 War. the Marquis of Lansdowne: Secretary of 

 State for India. Lord George Hamilton : First Lord 

 of the Admiralty, G. J. Goschen : President of the, 

 Local Board. Henry Chaplin; President of the 

 Board of Trade. C. T. Ritchie: Lord Lieutenant of 

 Ireland. Earl Ccidogan : Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 

 Lord Ashbourne, formerly Sir Edward Gibson: 

 Secretary for Scotland. Lord Balfour of Burleigh ; 

 First Commissioner of Works. A. Akers-Douglas ; 

 President of the Board of Agriculture. W. II. Long. 

 Area and Population. The area of the United 

 Kingdom is 100.979 square miles. The population 

 ! ling to the census was 38. 104,975 on April 5, 

 1891. comprising 18.608.337 males and 19.496.638 

 females. The population of England, and Wales 

 increased 11 -65 per cent, between 1881 and 1891, 

 and that of Scotland 7' 76 per cent., while the popu- 

 lation of Ireland decreased 9-1 per cent. The total 

 population of the United Kingdom on June 30, 

 1*95. was estimated at 39.134.166, exclusive of the 

 army and navy and seamen abroad. Of this number 

 30.:!<)4.07S belong to England and Wales. 4.155.054 

 to Scotland, and 4.5S1.434 to Ireland. 



Of the total population of England and Wales in 

 1891 nearly 70 per cent, lived in towns. The urban 

 population had increased 15'3 per cent,, and the 

 rural population 3-4 per cent, in ten years. The 6 

 largest towns contained 00 per cent, of the popula- 



tion, but the rate of growth in these was not h; 

 great as in the lesser ones. London, however, in- . 

 creased llS'O per cent., chiefly on t he outskirts, the 

 central area showing an actual decline. The popu- 

 lation of greater London, which was 4.7(56.0(51 in 

 issi and 5,683,382 in 1S91. increased further t.. 

 6,048,555 in the middle of 1*95. according to the 

 estimates of the Registrar General. The estimated 

 population of the principal municipal boroughs in 

 1S95 was: Mnnchest er. 504.865 ; Liverpool, 508.967 ; 

 Birmingham, 496,751: Leeds. 395.540 : Sheffield. 

 342.7GS; West Ham, 049.473 : Bristol, 228,189 ; Not- 

 tingham, 006.65S; Bradford. 000.3s4 : Kingston- 

 upon-Hull. 210.700: Salford. OOs.053 ; Xewcastle- 

 on-Tyne, 207.001: Leicester. 193.S39 : Portsmouth, 

 174.751: Card ill'. 155.037. The population of Glas- 

 gow, in Scotland, was estimated in 1S95 at 095.876; 

 of Edinburgh. 073.535 ; of Dundee. 100.163. In Ire- 

 land. Dublin in 1891 had 361,891 inhabitants and 

 Belfast 055.950. 



The annual rate of mortality in England and 

 Wales decreased from 21-27 per 1,000 for the ten 

 years between 1870 and 1880 to 19-08 per 1,000 in 

 the ten years ending with 1890. The number of 

 marriages in Kngland and Wales in 1894 was 006.- 

 109; of births, 889.242; of deaths. 498.515; sur- 

 plus of births. 390.707. In Scotland the number of 

 marriages was 07.561 ; of births. 124,337: of deaths, 

 71,112; surplus of births, 53.005. In Ireland the 

 number of marriages was 21.602 ; of births. 105,- 

 354 : of deaths, 83,528: surplus of births. 21.826. 



The number of persons who emigrated from the 

 United Kingdom in 1895 was 271,854, of whom 

 195.676 sailed for the United States. 26.000 for 

 South Africa, 22.391 for British Xorth America, 

 and 10,788 for Australasia. In 1894 the total num- 

 ber was 226,827, of whom 130.662 were males and 

 96,165 females. In that year there were 185,799 

 immigrants. British and foreign, with which num- 

 ber deducted the net emigration was 41,028. Of 

 74.015 foreigners who landed at the ports 35,512 

 were on their way to the United States. The total 

 number of emigrants, in 1895 who belonged in the 

 United Kingdom was 185.306. of whom 112.653 

 were English. 18,227 Scotch, and 54.486 Irish, show- 

 ing an increase over the previous year of 13,063 in 

 English, 3,795 in Scotch, and 12,4*78 in Irish emi- 

 gration. 



Finances. The budget estimates of revenue for 

 the year ending March 81, 1895, amounted to 94,- 

 175.000, and the budget and supplementary esti- 

 mates of expenditure to 94,538.685. The "actual 

 receipts of the exchequer were 94.083.762. and the 

 actual disbursements 93.918,421. The total amount 

 collected was 94.s72.031, of which 7S.735,698 

 were the produce of taxation and 16,136,933 came 

 from other sources. The receipts from customs 

 amounted to 00.138.948. of which tobacco paid 

 10.415.139, tea 3.5*7.032, rum 2.069.347. brandy 

 1.074,991. other spirits 850.900, wine 1,143.698, 

 raisins 216.839, currants 110,043, and coffee 

 170.004. The excise duties yielded 25,875,626, 

 of which 15.009.096 were paid' on spirits. 10.100.- 

 050 on beer, 236.086 in license duties. 060,694 by 

 railways, and 7.500 came from other sources. The 

 yield of stamp duties was 14.5S7.684. of which 

 3.447.185 came from the new estate duty, includ- 

 ing 665.606 payable on the property of persons 

 dying before Aug. 0. 1*94. 1,108,360 were col- 

 lected in probate duty from estates demised before 

 that date. 2,808,967 came from the legacy duty. 

 1.350.430 from the succession duty, 2.858,302 

 from deeds. 1.000.747 from receipts, 606.140 from 

 bills of exchange. 034.880 from patent medicines, 

 100.900 from 'licenses. 159.870 from the duty on 

 the capital of companies. 136.883 from marine in- 

 surance, and 487.018 from other sources. The 



