340 



HAWAII. 



$3,500,000, besides a floating debt of $500,000. The 

 public debt on Jan. 1, IsiHi, was reported to be 

 $14,055,822, including $4,704,810 of domestic obli- 

 gations, $6,562,848 of external debts, and various 

 other loans and liabilities amounting to $2,788,164. 

 Commerce. The imports in 1894, including spe- 

 cie, amounted to $6,987,000 in silver, against $6,383,- 

 835 in 1893. The value of the exports officially re- 

 ported in 1894 was $20,324,000, against $19,087,000 in 

 the preceding year. The coffee crop in 1892 was 74,- 

 652,985 pounds, gathered on 1 1 5,681 acres. The yield 

 of sugar was 6,064,080 pounds of refined and 37,*991,- 

 770 pounds of raw, with 4,802,000 pounds of molas- 

 ses. The tobacco crop was 979,682 pounds. Other 

 crops are wheat, corn, cacao, rice, cotton, bananas, 

 and cocoanuts. The chief export is coffee, of the 

 value of $18,550,518 in 1893. Of comparatively 

 small importance are the others, except silver, of 

 which $1,149,901 was exported in coin and $21,384 

 in bars. Other exports are cinchona, rubber, cacao, 

 bananas, and hides. The exports of coffee, cacao, 

 and cinchona are increasing. Of coffee $20,889,166 

 worth was exported in 1884. The sugar and fruit 

 trades are growing likewise. The majority of the 

 vessels calling at Guatemalan ports are steamers 

 from the United States. Of the total imports in 

 1893 the value of $1,517,165 came from the United 

 States, $1,472,178 from Great Britain, $1,278,205 

 from Germany, and $771,524 from France. 



Communications. There is a railroad, 114 miles 

 long, connecting the capital with San Jose, and one, 

 32 miles long, connecting Champerico with Retal- 

 huleu, with a branch to San Felipe. There are 

 210 miles of new railroad under construction, 

 and others have been undertaken with a Govern- 

 ment guarantee of $8,150 a mile. 



The post office in 1894 forwarded 5,150.926 and 

 delivered 4,379,654 letters, etc. There are 2,475 

 miles of telegraph lines, over which 702,433 mes- 

 sages were sent in 1893. 



Attempted Insurrection. The administration 

 of Gen. Barrios has been in the main progressive 

 and was approved by the masses of the people, es- 

 pecially the Indians, whose economic condition and 

 general intelligence he has endeavored to improve 

 by education and the diversification of industry. 

 The Ultramontane, or Extreme Conservative, party 

 has looked upon his policy with some disfavor, re- 

 garding it as tending to subversive ideas and a 

 menace to their wealth and position. In June the 

 garrison at Chiquimula attempted to start an in- 

 surrection, but it was promptly suppressed. A few 

 weeks later arms were discovered in bales of hay 

 imported at- Ponte Barrios, and 2 American con- 

 tractors who were engaged in constructing a rail- 

 road from that point into the interior were ar- 

 rested on the charge of smuggling munitions of 

 war, they being the owners of the hay. 



H 



HAWAII, a republic occupying the Hawaiian 

 Islands in the Pacific Ocean, proclaimed July 4, 

 1894, succeeding a Provisional Government that 

 was formed on Jan. 13, 1893, when Queen Liliuo- 

 kalani conditionally abdicated the throne. The 

 legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House 

 of Representatives. The Senate is composed of 15 

 members elected by indirect suffrage for six years, 

 one third being renewed every two years. The 

 House of Representatives has likewise 15 members 

 elected by indirect suffrage, but the whole House is 

 renewed every two years. To qualify for a Senator a 

 man must possess a capital of $3,000 or an income 

 of $1,200, and to sit in the other House it is neces- 

 sary to have been domiciled in Hawaii three years 

 and to have property worth $1,000 or an annual 

 income of $600. Every Hawaiian citizen can vote 

 who is twenty years old and is able to read and 

 write either the English or the Hawaiian language. 

 The President, who is elected for six years by the 

 two Houses in joint session, must be a born Ha- 

 waiian or a resident of the islands of fifteen years' 

 standing. He is not re-eligible for the next suc- 

 ceeding term. The Council of State is composed of 

 15 members, of whom 5 are chosen by the President, 

 5 by the Senate, and 5 by the House of Represen- 

 tatives. Sanford B. Dole is President for the term 

 ending Dec. 31, 1900. The ministry in the begin- 

 ning of 1896 was as follows : Foreign Affairs, F. M. 

 Hatch ; Interior, J. A. King ; Finance, S. M. Da- 

 mon ; Attorney-General, W. 0. Smith. 



Area and Population. The area of the islands 

 is 6,640 miles. The census of Dec. 28, 1890, made 

 the population 89,990, made up of 34,436 pure Ha- 

 waiians, 6,186 half-castes, 21,119 whites, 15,301 

 Chinese, 12,360 Japanese, and 588 Polynesians. Of 

 the white population 7,495 were born in the islands 

 and 8,602 were Portuguese from Fayal, 1,928 Amer- 

 icans, 1,344 British, 1,034 Germans, 227 Norwegians, 

 70 French, and 419 of other nationalities. Of the 

 total population 58,714 were males and 31,276 fe- 



males. Between 1884 and 1890 the native race de- 

 creased 5,578. Most of the immigrants in recent 

 years are Japanese and Chinese. In 1891 there 

 were 7,536 arrivals and 3,037 departures, in 1892 

 the arrivals numbered 5,468 and departures 4,103, 

 in 1893 the arrivals were 5,672 and 3,926 departed, 

 in 1894 there were 8,114 arrivals and 5,477 depar- 

 tures, and for 1895 the figures are 8,090 and 4,636. 

 In 1890 and 1891 4,438 persons were born and 4,177 

 died, giving an excess of births of 261 for two 

 years. The total population on Jan. 1, 1895, was 

 estimated at 101,661. Honolulu, the capital, situ- 

 ated on the island of Oahu, had 28,061 inhabitants 

 in 1895. Chinese and Japanese are imported under 

 time contracts to labor on the sugar plantations, and 

 the great majority of them are returned to their 

 own countries when the contracts expire. The 

 Portuguese and a few Scandinavians who were for- 

 merly brought in as plantation hands have settled 

 in the country. The present population of the is- 

 lands is estimated at 105,000, comprising 10,000 

 English-speaking whites ; 15,000 white Portuguese, 

 one third of whom speak English ; 30,000 Hawai- 

 ians, of whom one third speak English ; 10,000 half 

 whites, most of whom use the English language ; 

 15,000 Chinese ; and 25,000 Japanese. Hawaii has 

 one of the most complete systems of public elemen- 

 tary education in the world. The entire population, 

 with the exception of the Asiatics and the adult 

 Portuguese, has been trained in the public schools. 

 Finance. The revenue for the Government for 

 the year 1895 was $2,031,610, of which $547,149 

 came from customs, $592,692 from internal taxes, 

 $205,332 from the Department of the Interior, $66,- 

 270 from judicial receipts, $00,719 from the post 

 office, $29,539 from the national savings bank, $31,- 

 462 from stamps, $46.318 from water supply, $32,- 

 220 from the state lands, $46,843 from sales. $81,515 

 from various sources, and $291,545 from the surplus 

 of the preceding year. The total expenditures were 

 $2,009,114, of which $35,507 went for the civil list 



