ITALY. 



363 



adopted condemning: the Chicago platform as being 



false to Democratic principles, and therefore not 



entitled to the support which one proclaimed by the 



majority of the party could otherwise claim: and 



further: "The mere election of a President, 



pledged to these policies without any congressional 



:i whatever will precipitate a financial crisis, 



tin- consequence of which no man can predict. 



" We are opposed to any policy that will have the 

 effect of reducing the currency of the country to 

 silver monometallism, which would be the immedi- 

 ate result of undertaking the free and unlimited 

 coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1." 



The Socialist-Labor party placed a ticket in the 

 field as follows: For Secretary of State. J. Wetzen- 

 bach : Auditor. J. B. Travis; Treasurer. W. A. F. 



:>hal; Railroad Commissioner (short ten 

 H.Jensen; Railroad Commissioner (long ten; 

 Rindler. 



The National or " Narrow-gauge " Prohibition 

 party held a convention, Aug. 4. at Marshalltown. 

 After much discussion, in which the greater number 

 appealed for a united party in Iowa and deprecated 

 making the financial and other questions greater 

 than prohibition, resolutions were adopted approv- 

 ing the candidates for State offices named by the 

 party in May. Candidates for presidential electors 

 to vote for Bentley and Southgate were chosen. 



The total vote cast Xov. 3 was 321. 547. divided 

 as follows: McKin!e\. 2S'.293; Bryan. 223.741: 

 Palmer. 4.516 ; Levering, 3.192 : Bentley, 352 : 

 Matchett. 453. 



The whole Republican State ticket was success- 

 ful, the vote for Secretary of State standing 2**.715 

 for G. L. Dobson against 224,812 for L. H. Carr.the 

 candidate of the Democrats and Populists, and 

 3.533 for W. G. Wright. Prohibitionist. All the 

 candidates of the Republicans for members of Con- 

 gress were elected. 



ITALY, a constitutional monarchy in southern 

 Europe. The throne is hereditary in the house of 

 Savoy by male descent in the order of primogeni- 

 ture. The reigning monarch is Umberto I, born 

 March 14. 1844. the eldest son of Vittorio Em- 

 manuele II, of Sardinia, the first king of united 

 Italy, whom he succeeded on Jan. 9, 1878. The 

 heir to the throne is Yittorio Emmanuele. Prince 

 of Xaples, born Xov. 11. 1869. On Oct. 24 he mar- 

 ried the Princess Helena, born Jan. 8, 1873, fourth 

 daughter of Prince Xicholas of Montenegro. 



The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a 

 House of Deputies. The Senate is composed of the 

 princes of the blood and 390 nominated members, 

 and the Chamber of 508 members, elected by the 

 direct suffrage of all citizens able to read and 

 write and paying 20 lire a year in direct taxes. 

 The Council of Ministers, constituted on Dec. 15, 

 1893, was composed of the following members : 

 President and Minister of the Interior, Francesco 

 Crisjii ; Minister of Foreign Affairs. Baron Blanc : 

 Minister of Finance, Paola Boselli : Minister of the 

 Treasury. Giorgio Sonnino : Minister of Justice and 

 Wor>hip. Andrea Calenda di Tavani : Minister of 

 War. Gen. Stanislao Mocenni : Minister of Marine. 

 Admiral Constantino Morin ; Minister of Public 

 Instruction, Augusto Bacelli : Minister of Public 

 Works. Giuseppe Saracco ; Minister of Commerce. 

 Industry, and Agriculture. A. Barrazuoli : Minister 

 of Posts and Telegraphs. Dr. M. Ferraris. 



Area and Population. The area of Italy is 

 110.623 square miles. The population was esti- 

 mated on Dec. 31. 1895. at 31.102.833. The num- 

 b-r of marriages in 1S95 was 228,000; of births. 

 1. "'.12.000 ; of deaths. 784.000 : excess of births, 308,- 

 000. The number of emigrants in 1895 wa> 293.- 

 181. against 225.323 in 1894,246,751 in 18H3. 223.- 

 667 in 1892, and 293,631 in 1891. The emigration 



to the United States in 1*!i5 wu 44,003; to the 

 Argentine K- public. 41.2<>3 ; to Uruguay. 3.557 : i, 

 Bra/.il. 97.344. The population of the principal 

 cities, as e-timated on Dee. 31. Is'.i5. was: Naples. 

 527.192: Koine. 471.*dl : Milan. 451.i;-_> : Turin. 

 34.*. 124: Palerm... 282,698; Genoa, 224.197: Flor- 

 ence. 2d0.4*l : Venice, 155.42*: Medina. 15d.37:;. 



Finances. The receipts of the m-u-urv for the 

 year ending June 3d. 1*95. \\vn- 1307,873,638 lire, 

 and the expenditures l.*00.903.455 lire, leaving a 

 surplus of 4.d9d.778 lire. For the year ending 

 June 30. 1897. the ordinary receipts were estimated 

 at 1. 047.177.171 lire, and the extraordinary receipts 

 at 80.8d2.016 lire: total. 1.727.979.1*; fin?. The 

 ordinary expenditures were estimated at 1.0<i7.'.i73.- 

 691 lire, and the extraordinary expenditures at Id4.- 

 597.775 lire: total. 1,712. 571. 466 lire. The revenue 

 from railroads and other property is 87,141.330 

 lire: from direct taxation. 481.502.300 lire, includ- 

 ing 286.662,300 lire from the income tax. 106.400,- 

 000 lire from the land tax. and 88.500.000 lire from 

 the tax on buildings : from taxes on transactions, 

 213.745.000 lire, including 68.500.000 lire from 

 stamps. 58.000,000 lire from registration, 18,770.000 

 lire from railroad receipts, 10,000.000 lire from com- 

 mercial companies and banks, 38,000.000 lire from 

 succession duties. 6.300.000 lire fr*om mortmain rev- 

 enues, and 7.000,000 lire from a duty on mortgages: 

 from customs, monopolies, and excise. 664,550.000 

 lire, including 191.000,000 lire from the tobacco 

 monopoly, 72.700,000 lire from the salt monopoly, 

 44.000.000 lire from duties on the manufacture of 

 alcohol, beer, mineral waters, gunpowder, and sugar. 

 64.500,000 lire from the lottery. 52.350,000 lire from 

 excise duties, and 240.000.000 lire from customs 

 duties : from public services. 83.975.000 lire, includ- 

 ing 52,000,000 lire from the post office, 12.600.000 

 lire from telegraphs. 1,350.000 lire from the cadas- 

 tral survey. 2,700.000 lire from assay stamps. 6,100,- 

 000 lire from scholastic fees. 5.405.000 lire from 

 prisons, 1,660,000 lire from fines, and 2.160.000 lire 

 from various services: from repayments. 38,237.902 

 lire from various sources, 9.021.740 lire : from rent of 

 domains. 15.510,556 lire: from interest on invested 

 funds. 27.942.350 lire: communal contributions of 

 Rome and Xaples. 27.942.350 lire : miscellaneous, 

 4.680.541 lire ; from railroad construction account, 

 801,718 lire: various extraordinary receipts. 10.306,- 

 563 lire; from sales of domains, ecclesiastical lands, 

 etc., 14,839.260 lire: from recovery of debts. 4.000,- 

 000 lire; from new loans. 43.500.000 lire: miscel- 

 laneous receipts. 7.354.475 lire. The piineipal ex- 

 penditures are : Interest on the consolidated debt, 

 472.916.407 lire: interest on extinguishable debt, 

 66.344.919 lire : annuity for the purchase of the 

 railroads of upper Italy. 27.122.594 lire: floating 

 debt. 121,384.609 lire, including 18.842.198 lire for 

 interest on treasury warrants. 15.580.210 lire due to 

 railroad companies. 83.039.142 lire of railroad 

 guarantees, and 3.923.059 lire on accounts current ; 

 pensions. 78.800,000 lire: civil list and appai. 

 15.050.000 lire: Senate and Chamber of Deputies, 

 2.120.000 lire : general expenses. 9.709.152 lire : vari- 

 ous services. 1,026,420* lire : reserve for unforeseen 

 expenses. 3.500.000 lire : service of the amortizable 

 debt, interest, and domains. 25.200.759 lire: amor- 

 tization and other extraordinary expense-. --.723.- 

 202 lire; administration of the Ministry of Finance 

 and the cadastral survey. 10.527.761 lire: cost of 

 collecting revenues and of monopolies, lottery, etc.. 

 145,821,103 lire : extraordinary expenses of the Min- 

 istry of Finance. 3.712.352 lire': Ministry of Foreign 

 Affairs. 9.445.280 lire for ordinary and 53.000 lire 

 for extraordinary purposes : Ministry of Grace and 

 Justice. 32.753.037 lire for ordinary and 65.780 for 

 extraordinary purposes: Ministry of Public In- 

 struction, 40^824.295 lire for ordinary and 67. 



