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LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1896. 



rina Koch, a poor servant girl, who has become 

 known by vers d'occasion. J. G. Fischer, a veteran 

 of the Swabian school, shows remarkable intellectual 

 freshness in " Gedichte eines Achtzigjahrigen." 

 ' Herbstblatter,'' the posthumous poems of P. W. 

 Weber, reveal goodness and amiability rather than 

 sublimity. "In Freud und Leid : letzte Lieder" 

 is a posthumous volume by Julius Sturm, noted 

 for his religious poems, of whom A. Hepding has 

 written "Julius Sturm ein Gedenkblatt." The 

 prominent dramatic works of the year were: "Florian 

 Geyer," by Gerhart Hauptmann (who here ventured 

 for the first time into the historical field, while re- 

 maining faithful to his favorite subject and form) 

 which play, with all its flaws, was a literary 

 and dramatic event, a "strangely monstrous and 

 strangely fascinating picture of popular wrath and 

 popular delusion" and Ernst von Wildenbruch's 

 tragedy " Heinrich und sein Geschlecht," introdu- 

 cing Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV, and 

 noted as a triumph of idealism. The latter author's 

 " Jungfer Immergriin " (one act) and " Der Junge 

 von Hennersdorf," Volksstiicke of no account, 

 were written for the "Alt Berlin" theater of the 

 " Gewerbeausstellung," as were also E. v. Wblzogen'a 

 " Die schwere Noth " (one act), Karl Bleibtreu's 

 " Wendentaufe," and Konrad Alberti's " Biisserin." 

 Other plays are : A. Wilbramlt's " Die Eidgenossen " 

 (dealing with tlie Burgundian wars and the in- 

 spired hermit monk Klaus von der Fliihe) ; "Grafin 

 Fritzi," l>y o. Blumenthal ; Felix Philippi's suc- 

 cessful " Wer war's >. " ; the comedy " Lebenswende," 

 disappointing to the admirers of Max Ilalbe (called 

 in exaggerated terms "the most modern of Ger- 

 mans ") ; actress Clara Ziegler's " Flirten," a one- 

 act comedy; Ludwig Fulda's dramatic Mfirchen 

 " Der Sohn des Kalifen " ; Paul Blumenthal's com- 

 edy "Einmaleins"; Schonthan and Koppel-Ell- 

 feld's comedy " Comtesse Guckerl " ; Paul Lindau's 

 " Die Erste " and '' Der Abend." which made a 

 strong impression, as did also his dramatization of 

 his novel "Die Briider"; "Die Otnzielle Frau" 

 Hans Olden's dramatization of R. H. Savage's novel, 

 sensationally effective ; the inexhaustible Gust. v. 

 Moser's " Moralische Menschen " ; Natalie A r on 

 Eschstruth's Lieutenants-Komodie " Sie wird ge- 

 kiisst " ; Hans Hochfeldt's " Der Kampf der 

 Frau," a striking picture of the struggle for exist- 

 ence ; " Fraulein Doktor," by Oskar Walther and 

 Leo Stein, treating the woman question in an 

 amusing manner; "Savonarola," by Rich. Voss ; 

 " Das Hungerloos," by Heinrich Vollrat Schu- 

 macher ; Lubliner's " Die junge Frau Arneck," 

 amusing and not at all deep ; Viktor Leon's 

 "Gebildete Menschen," a capital, healthy Volks- 

 stiick; '" Goldene Herzen," deservedly successful, 

 by E. Kurltceis (Karl Weiss); Arnold Ott's very 

 promising one-act " Frangipani " and the first act 

 of his " Karl der Kiihne," performed at the Stadt- 

 theater of Basle (valuable to Swiss literatui'e by its 

 courageous support of talent) ; and Hermann 

 Sudermann's much-discussed " Fritzchen," the first 

 of a cycle of one-act dramas showing " how men 

 behave some hours before going to certain death." 

 Adolph L'Arronge has written " Deutsches Theater 

 und deutsche Schauspielkunst " : a six-volume folio 

 work on " Die Theater Wiens " is in course of pub- 

 lication (Vol. II, on " Das neue Hof burgtheater," by 

 F. J. Bayer ; Vol. Ill, on the " Burgtheater," by 0. 

 Teuber) ; Sittinger considers " Die dramatische 

 Tradition in Oesterreich " ; Ludwig Eisenberg 

 writes interestingly of " Adolf Sonnenthal : eine 

 Kiinstler-Laufbahn als Beitrag zur modernen Burg- 

 theater-Geschichte" ; Ferd. Struck tells of "Die 

 altesten Zeiten des Theaters zu Stralsund (1697- 

 1834) " ; and Eugen Guglia is sincerely enthusiastic 

 about " Friedrich Mitterwurzer." 



Greece. The most important historical publican 

 tion is the "History of Ali Pasha," by Spyridon 

 Aravantinos, describing the tyrant of Epirus and 

 his times with a full knowledge of the literature of 

 the subject and the addition of much new material. 

 ' Memorabilia in Contemporary History," by Spy- 

 ridon Malakis, contains much readable matter on 

 the recent history of Greece; M. Gedeon, in " Proi- 

 konnesos," gives an interesting account of that 

 island in the Sea of Marmora, and has also edited 

 the first printed edition of the "Typicon" of the 

 Auxentius Monastery in Bithynia: George Hat/i- 

 dakis adduces strong proofs of " The Hellenism of 

 the Ancient Macedonians," and in his "Downfall 

 of the Idols." a reply to E. Khoidis's "Idols," deals 

 with the "much-disputed problem of the language 

 which the modern Greeks should write"; Anton 

 Vallindas contributes a useful ''History of the 

 Island of Cythnus:" Demetrios Philios, who di- 

 rected the excavations at Eleusis during 1884-'!*4, 

 has published in French a graceful account of 

 "Eleusis. ses .Mysteres, ses Ruines, et son Mu- 

 Tryphon Evangelidis offers a monograph on Gen- 

 nadios Scholarios. the first patriarch after the cap- 

 ture of Constantinople ; the " Population of Ancient 

 Attica " forms t lie theme of Aristides Panagiotidis ; 

 the Greeks of the Diaspora are described in Johannes 

 Lambridis's "Greek Colonies"; and G. Paraskevopu- 

 los records somewhat superficial personal observa- 

 1 ions in " Journeys.through Greece." The revival of 

 the Olympic games has called into existence a litera- 

 ture of its own. Of "The Olympic Games, 776 B.C.- 

 1896 A.D.," published in elegant form by Carl Beck 

 in Greek, French, German, and English, the first 

 portion, by S. P. Lambros and N. G. Politis, is de- 

 voted to "The Olympic Games in Antiquity," and 

 Part II to the new Olympic games held in Athens 

 in April, 1896. Another work on "The Olympic 

 (James." published by G. Kasdonis, contains his- 

 torico-arch;pologieal essays by G. Sotiriades, C. 

 Tsundas (" Olympia " and "Greek Games"), E. 

 Lykudis, Sp. Lambros (" Gymnastic Games among 

 the Byzantines "). etc. " Greece during the Olym- 

 pic Games," published at the office of the " Akropo- 

 lis," handsomely illustrated, gives " a picture of the 

 political, social, and educated life of Greece." " On 

 the Spuriousness of ' The Laws ' of Plato," by 

 Miltiades Pantazis, and " Critical Emendations of 

 Thucydides," by J. Argyriades, are noted among 

 philological publications. The inscriptions of 

 Kivssos in Lesbos have been collected by Emmanuel 

 David, who prefixes an introduction on the ^Eolian 

 dialect. A. Papadopulos Kerameus has printed 

 from a tenth-century manuscript of Jerusalem 

 the treatise of Theodorete of Kyrros in answer to 

 some questions put to him by certain of the bishops 

 of Egypt; it appears that it had hitherto been in- 

 correctly ascribed to Justin Martyr. In a collec- 

 tion of Greek tales issued by the publisher Kas- 

 donis are represented the best story writers in 

 Neo-Hellenic literature, which has sustained a loss 

 in the death of G. Bizyenos. The ranks of novel- 

 ists are increased by Alexandra Papadopulu, Arinoe 

 Papadopulu, and Eugenie Zographu (author of some 

 promising novelettes), the last two being included 

 among the female authors scored in a witty though 

 exaggerated criticism by E. Rhoidis, which stirred 

 up a vigorous controversy. In poetry the most 

 noteworthy publication is " Poems new and old." 

 by A. Provelengios, who writes partly in the lan- 

 guage of the educated classes (" the so-called kutim- 

 reuousa "), partly in the popular dialect, and whose 

 charm is said to be specially irresistible in his poems 

 of the sea. " From the Rock of Phreattys." by the 

 blind D. Sakellaropulos, " contains much verse, but 

 little poetry." Not much can be said of the drama. 

 Worthy of note are " Marcella," by B. Demetra- 



