600 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (GUILDERS FLOQUET.) 



tics he took a stand in the Senate against the so- 

 cialistic and democratic principles of the new radi- 

 calism that caused his former associates to denounce 

 him as a turncoat and his old Conservative oppo- 

 nents to welcome him as an ally. On questions of 

 foreign policy he exercised great influence. As an 

 advocate of moderate liberal ideas and political 

 tolerance he was elected to succeed Jules Ferry as 

 president of the Senate. In that capacity he dis- 

 played great firmness in resisting the assaults of 

 the Radicals of the Chamber on the rights and 

 privileges of the upper house. Challemel-Lacour 

 was one of the most powerful and polished of 

 French orators and the profoundest scholar and 

 philosopher in public life. lie was without wife or 

 family, and lived like an ascetic recluse among his 

 books, which included the whole classic literature 

 of Greece, for he was one of the most learned of 

 French Hellenists. He was elected, while presi- 

 dent of the Senate, a member of the French 

 Academy. 



Childers, Hugh Culling Eardley, an English 

 statesman, born in York in 1827: died in London, 

 Jan. 29, 1896. He was the son of a clergyman, and 

 after being graduated with mathematical honors at 

 Cambridge in 1850, he went with his newly wedded 

 wife to Australia, where he entered at once upon a 

 political career. He was elected member for Port- 

 land of the first Legislative Assembly of Victoria, 

 and was appointed Commissioner of Trade and 

 Customs in the Government. In 1857 he resigned 

 this office to return to England as agent general of 

 the colony. Two years later he offered himself as 

 candidate for Parliament for the borough of Ponte- 

 fract, and in 1860 the seat was awarded to him, his 

 opponent who took it first having been disqualified 

 by corrupt practices. He represented Pontefract 

 in the Liberal interest till 1885, when he met with 

 defeat. In 1864 he was appointed a Civil Lord of 

 the Admiralty, and in the year following became 

 Financial Secretary of the Treasury. Subsequently 

 he filled the posts of First Lord of the Admiralty, 

 Secretary of State for War, and Chancellor of the 

 Exchequer, and for a short period was Home Secre- 

 tary. He was also chairman of the select committee 

 on transportation in 1861, a member of the commis- 

 sion on penal servitude in 1863, a commissioner to 

 examine into the constitution of the law courts in 

 1867, and at the time of his death was chairman of 

 a commission to inquire into the financial relations 

 between Ireland and Great Britain. His practical 

 ability and sterling qualities led Mr. Gladstone to 

 bestow upon him an important place when forming 

 his first Cabinet in 1868. and in this administration 

 Mr. Childers was included during its long life of 

 five years. He reduced the naval estimates in 1869, 

 and effected important changes both in the economy 

 and the efficiency of the naval administration. Some 

 of the innovations that he introduced in the Admi- 

 ralty were discarded by his successors. After an 

 illness of two years, he returned to the Government 

 in 1872 as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 

 retiring in 1873 when the Cabinet was remodeled. 

 When Mr. Gladstone assumed the premiership in 

 1880 Mr. Childers took the office of Secretary of 

 State for War, and during his brief term he not 

 only had direction of the arrangements for the 

 Egyptian campaign of 1882, but put into practice 

 the scheme for reorganizing the British army on a 

 territorial basis. At the end of 1882 he succeeded 

 Mr. Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer. A 

 large surplus in 1883 enabled him to give cheap 

 telegrams and reduce the income tax to 5d. Two 

 years later the Government fell when he was obliged 

 to cover a vote of credit of 11.000,000 and an ordi- 

 nary deficit of 3,692,000 by raising the income tax 

 to Sd., increasing the beer and spirit duties, altering 



the death duties, and suspending the sinking fund. 

 His attempt to convert the 3-per-cent. consols into 

 2| per cents, proved a failure, but it paved the way 

 for Mr. Goschen's conversion of the debt in 1888. 

 During Mr. Gladstone's short-lived ministry of 

 1886 Mr. Childers was Secretary of State for Home 

 Affairs. His parliamentary career ended in 1892. 



Crowe, Sir Joseph Archer, an English diplo- 

 matist and art writer, born in London, Oct. 20, 

 1825: died in Wiirzburg, Bavaria, Sept. 7, 1896. 

 He began his career as a reporter for the " Morning 

 Chronicle," and was subsequently foreign editor of 

 the " Daily News" in Paris. During the Crimean 

 War he was the war correspondent of the' 1 Illus- 

 trated London News." and he acted in the same 

 capacity for the " Times" during the Indian Mu- 

 tiny, and again during the Franco-Austrian War. 

 While in India he was a director of the Bombay 

 School of Art, 1857-'59. In 1860 he was appointed 

 British consul general at Leipsic and consul gen- 

 eral at Diisseldorf in 1878, going thence to Vienna 

 as commercial attache to the embassies at Berlin 

 and Vienna. In 1882 he was made commercial af- 

 fiiclif for Europe with residence at Paris, his abili- 

 ties as a diplomatist of the first rank being fre- 

 quently recognized by successive appointments as 

 delegate to various diplomatic commissions. In 

 conjunction with Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle he 

 wrote several works on the history of art which 

 take rank among the best of their kind, their accu- 

 racy being unquestioned and their criticism en- 

 lightened and discriminating. They include : " The 

 Early Flemish Painters" (London, 1857); "A New 

 History of Painting in Italy " (1864-'66) ; "A His- 

 tory of Painting in North Italy " (1871) : "Titian: 

 His Life and Times" (1877); "Raphael: His Life 

 and Works" (1883-'85). Sir Joseph was also the editor 

 and reviser of Burckhardt's "Cicerone" (1873-'79) 

 and of Kugler's "Handbook of Painting" (1874). 



Dens, Joao de, a Portuguese poet, born in 1830 ; 

 died in Lisbon, Jan. 12, 1896. He studied law at 

 the University of Coimbra, and while there at- 

 tracted notice by his poetry. He edited a newspa- 

 per in 1862. and' was afterward elected a member 

 of the Chamber of Deputies. His poems, each one 

 a short ode remarkable for finish and delicacy of 

 expression and elevation and purity of style, are 

 contained in a few small volumes. He invented an 

 ingenious method of teaching the illiterate, which 

 is embodied in two books entitled " Cartilha Mater- 

 nal " and " Cartilh Maternal e o Apostolado." 



Drobisch, M. W.. a German logician, born in 

 1802; died in Leipsic, Oct. 10, 1896. He became 

 Extraordinary Professor of Philosophy and Ordi- 

 nary Professor of Mathematics in Leipsic Univer- 

 sity at the age of twenty-four, and at forty be- 

 came also Ordinary Professor of Philosophy. As 

 a technical logician and profound mathematician 

 he enjoyed a very high reputation. His principal 

 work was " Neue Darstellung der Logik," which 

 went through five editions. 



Floquet, Charles Thomas, a French statesman, 

 born in St. Jean de Luz in 1828: died in Paris, 

 Jan. 18, 1896. He began life as a lawyer in Paris, 

 where in the days of the empire he defended Re- 

 publican journalists who were prosecuted for their 

 writings. His cry of "Vive la Pologne, monsieur," 

 addressed to the Czar Alexander II in the Palace of 

 Justice in 1867, made him a political celebrity. On 

 the fall of the empire he was appointed one of the 

 deputy mayors of Paris, but was forced to resign 

 on account of his complaisance toward the Red Re- 

 publicans. He was arrested later at Biarritz for 

 complicity in the acts of the Commune, and was 

 held several months and then discharged. He was 

 elected to the Paris Municipal Council in 1872, and 

 in 1876 became one of the Deputies for Paris. He 



