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lar taste and catering to the demands of the multi- 

 tudes, and by his thorough business metho.;- 

 mad' -t'ul. He was the originator of the 



magnificent modern staging of melodramas and 

 pantomimes. In l v "- mired, in addition, 



::t Garden, where he c..nducted opera with 

 ;iiticipatinu r and meeting the fash- 

 ionable demand now for Wanner, now for a revival 

 of Italian opera, now for the latent productions of 

 Ma'-airni. Leoncavallo, and Massenet. He was the 

 author of the " Sporting Duchess " and other - 

 tacular plays, and of the mot striking pantomimes. 

 !n 1*!1 be was a sheriff of London and was knighted. 



Heine. Cccile Charlotte Furtado. a French 

 philanthropist, born in Paris in 1*21 : died there 

 Dec. KI. IMiti. She was of distinguished Hebrew- 

 extraction. She married Charles Heine, nephew of 

 Heinrich Heine and son of the Hamburg banker 

 Solomon Heine. When she was left a widow with- 

 out children, she followed the footsteps of her hus- 

 band and her father by devoting her wealth to 

 charitable objects. She founded at Croisic a hos- 

 pital for children suffering from rickets and a chil- 

 dren's dispensary in Paris, and was a constant and 

 liberal donor to established charities. Her ambu- 

 lance work and liberality to French prisoners in 

 Germany during during the war of 1870 secured 

 her the cross of the Legion of Honor. During the 

 Madagascar expedition she gave her villa at 

 and 60,000 francs a year for the benefit of invalid 

 officers, and afterward she increased this sum. She 

 made a large donation to the fund of the Pasteur 

 Institute. She also founded charitable institutions 

 at Bayonne. and recently she established a crtche in 

 a poor quarter of Paris. 



Hippolyte. Louis 3Ioiiilestin Florvil. Presi- 

 dent of Hayti, born in Cape Haytien in 1827: died 

 in Port au Prince. .March 24. 1896. He was the son 

 of one of the ministers of the Emperor Faustin I 

 of Hayti. Although his mother was a French- 

 woman, his complexion was quite black. His 

 father, who was an extensive traveler and master 

 of many languages, educated his son in France for 

 a military career. After he returned to Hayti he 

 joined the army and proved himself a valiair 

 dier and a man of force and resolution. He distin- 

 guished himself especially in the defense of the for- 

 of Bellair in 1885. In 1889 he headed the 

 insurrection that overthrew President Legitime. and 

 in October of that year assumed the chief power, 

 lie was elected Constitutional President and entered 

 upon the regular term of seven years in May. ivo. 



Hirsoh de (iereuth. Baton Maurice de. an 

 Austrian financier, born in Munich, Bavaria. 

 '.'. 1^!1: died near Press! mrg. Hungary. April "20, 

 1*96. His father was a cattle dealer, who became 

 court banker at Munich, was ennobled in 1869. and 

 at his death left his son a large fortune. Maurice 

 de Gereuth at the a-:e of eighteen entered the 

 hanking house of Bischoffsheim & Goldschmidt, 

 in Brussels, rose to a confidential place, and mar- 

 ried a daughter of the senior partner, who v. 

 Belgian Senator. On the failure, in 1866, of the 

 firm of Langrand Dumonceau. Hirsch acquired the 

 B, which included a concession from the Turk- 

 ish Government for building railroads. He entered 

 on the work of building railroads with the thor- 

 oughness and attention to details and with the sin- 

 gle purpose of turning every accident to his pecun- 

 iary advantage that characterized all his business 

 dealings and explained his success in gaining 

 wealth. He drew lots with two others for the 

 three sections that were to be built, and. though 

 the most difficult one fell to him. by employing the 

 best German engineering talent, by exercising a 

 strict control over every minute expenditure, by 

 fighting the Turkish officials pertinaciously or buy- 



ing their favor when expedient, and seizing 



advantage, he made *4.(KM>,000 out <! 

 contract, while his colle _ the 



other sections. His subsequent dealings with the 

 Turkish Govern- 

 ment and his other 

 undertaking 

 not less profitable, 

 and his father's 

 fortune and his 

 dowry of 

 130,000,000 



; his capi- 

 tal and means 

 of money-making. 

 When he had ac- 

 quired a fortune 

 estimated at $200.- 

 000,000, and had 

 an income of $15,- 

 000,000 or $20,000,- 

 000 a year, he ar- 

 ranged his affairs 

 so that he could 

 devote his whole 

 mind to the expen- 

 diture of this in- 

 come for the benefit of his fellowmen, for he believed 

 that such was the only honorable way of spending 

 money on a large scale. He had sought social dis- 

 tinction, but was shunned by the Austrian and 

 French aristocrats, though he counted among his 

 friends the Prince of Wales, to whom he was re- 

 puted to have loaned large sums, and other royal 

 personages who had to thank him for similar fa- 

 vors. He wa- successful on the English turf, and 

 gave his winnings to the London hospitals. He 

 was fond of shooting also, and maintained some of 

 the choicest ] . Europe. The death of 



his only son, in 1888, impelled him to devote him- 

 self more and more to charitable projects. His 

 greatest scheme was the Jewish Colonization So- 

 ciety, to which he gave $10,000,000. Its object is 

 to transplant Jews who formed indigent com- 

 munities in Europe and Asia, especially those who 

 suffered under political or social disabilities, as in 

 Russia. Roumania. and Austria, to some new coun- 

 try where they can develop into independent farm- 

 ers. The colonies established with this fund in the 

 Argentine Republic and the United Si at-- have 

 not fulfilled his expectations. He gave vast sums 

 also to establish mechanical training schools for 

 young Hebrews in all the great cities of Europe 

 and in the United S urkey in Asia, and 



;. He gave $2.500,000 to form" a fund in New 

 York for educating and Americanizing Russian and 

 Roumanian Jews. He gave $3,000,000 to the Jews 

 of Galicia for educational purposes. When the 

 Russian Government declined to accept $10,000.000 

 for popular education on condition that Jews 

 should not be shut out from the advantages, he 

 sent 200.000 to be distributed in charity \>\ the 

 Emperor. His gifts aggregated $50,000,000, and 

 those of his wife, who devoted her life to charitable 

 works before he began his benefactions, were as 

 great in proportion. Since his death, his wife has 

 continued his benefactions. 



Hitrovo. M.. a Russian diplomatist, born about 

 : died in St. Petersburg. July 13. 1896. He 

 began his career in the consular service, and was 

 too indolent, careless, and pleasure loving to gain 

 promotion till he manifested diplomatic talent 

 when connected with the army staff at San Stefano 

 during the negotiation of the treaty of peace with 

 Turkey in 1878. He watched the subsequent de- 

 velopment of events in the Balkans as consul gen- 

 eral at Salonica. and became an actor in them as 



