omTr.MMKs. i-'nUEIGN*. (MACE* 



Three years later lit- was promoted to lie minister 

 plenipotentiary at tin- Porte. In 1863 his promis- 

 ing diplomatic career was checked Middenly liy a 

 misdeed that he committed. After three yeai 

 retirement he was permitted tore-enter the public 

 service in the Department of the Interior, and served 

 for ten years as ndlntus to the minister after .some 

 months of preliminary experience as Governor of 

 Orel. At the conclusion of the Turkish War his 

 knowledge of the Eastern question and his training 

 in the deliberate anil cautious, but pertinacious and 

 effective methods of Nesselrode were called into 

 requisition. Hence he was accredited in IS" 

 ambassador to the Sultan, succeeding the Count 

 Ignatief. Lebanon* defended as tenaciously as his 

 brilliant and enterprising predecessor the int. 

 of his country, but he contrived to remain in cordial 

 relations with the Turkish officials and with his 

 European colleagues. Toward the end of 1879 he 

 was appointed ambassador to London. When the 

 relations with Austria grew strained and required 

 firm yet conciliatory handling, he was transferred 

 to Vienna, where he was ambassador from 1882 till 

 1895. He expected to direct the foreign policy of 

 Russia after M. de Giers died, but the Czar chose to 

 make M. de Staal Foreign Minister and transferred 

 Prince Lobanoff to Berlin. M. de Staal was. how- 

 ever, unwilling to accept the responsibilities of the 

 post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, and it was con- 

 sequently offered to Prince Lobanoff and gratefully 

 accepted. From the moment that he assumed office 

 he displayed an amount of activity that surprised 

 his friends, and with definite ideas of Russia's posi- 

 tion and interests and of the entire critical and 

 changing situation of international politics he ac- 

 complished results that surprised the world. Ser- 

 via, Montenegro, and finally Bulgaria he drew again 

 into the orbit of Russian influence. He isolated 

 Japan, attracted Germany to co-operate with Ru>sia 

 and France, protected the integrity of the Chinese 

 Empire, made Russian influence predominant at 

 Pekin and paramount at Seoul, effected a recon- 

 ciliation with the Prince and people of Bulgaria on 

 his own terms, strengthened the friendship with 

 France, and secured full freedom of action and 

 preponderant influence at Constantinople. Prince 

 Lobanoff had a very high conception of the power 

 and dignity of Russia, and he considered that his 

 predecessor had often humiliated his country by 

 his conciliatory and sometimes apologetic attitude 

 toward England and the members of the triple 

 alliance. II. ;t--< -tied the position and historical 

 mission in a way to satisfy the most ardent Russian 

 patriots without ruffling more than was nece.-suy 

 the sensibilities of Russia's rivals. This consum- 

 mate diplomatist, even when filling the most responsi- 

 ble positions and dealing with the weightiest trans- 

 actions, gave more of his time to historical research 

 than to his official duties. 



Macpo. Antonio, a Cuban patriot, born in Santi- 

 ago de Cuba. July 14, 1848 ; died near Mariel, Dec. 

 ,'. i^'.iG. His parents were highly respected mulat- 

 all of whose sons fought bravely in the earlier 

 Cuban war for independence, in which Antonio 

 reached the rank of general and Jose that of colo- 

 nel. Antonio was wounded 23 times by the Span- 

 ish troops, and his chest was pierced through. He 

 wa< a farm hand when the war broke out. and 

 joined the ranks as a private soldier, but his in- 

 trepid daring, his natural leadership among the 

 colored people, and his strategic ability brought 

 him to the front. After Gomez he was the most 

 important leader in the ten years' war. At De- 

 majagua and at La Galleta he defeated Gen. Mar- 

 tinez Campos. His campaign at Baracoa was bril- 

 liant, and in 1878. at San Ulpiano. he routed the 

 column of San Quintin, commanded by Fidel San- 



tocildes, who met Macro again in 1M5 and 

 killed at 1'aralejo. When the; 



arranged in ls? v . Macro was the only gem-nil that, 

 refused to hiy down his arms. He iu<-d a | : 

 and continued fighting two months, but finally de- 

 si.sted when he found he could not rekindle the 

 revolutionary spirit among his disheartened coun- 

 trymen. He did not sign the peace, but went to 

 Jamaica, then to the I'nited State-, where he lived 

 some time, and afterward to South America, and 

 finally to Costa Rica, always preaching the cat, 

 Cuban independence and conspiring: ^:>ain. 



In 1890 he tried in vain to start a frc.-h revolution 

 in Cuba. In 1894, as he was l./aving a theater in 

 Rica, he was set upon by a party of Span- 

 iards, one of whom he killed after receiving a severe 

 wound himself. He was active in preparing the 

 rebellion of 1895. and in March of that year he 

 landed again in Cuba, followed some days after by 

 Marti and Gome/. The blacks of Santiago, many 

 of whom had fought under his lead in the former 

 war, now flocked to his standard. His two in- 

 vasions of Pinar del Rio, his campaigns in that 

 province against picked troops led by the ablest of 

 the Spanish generals, and his actions at. Paralejo, 

 Jobito, Mai Tiempo. Sao del Indio, and Candelaria 

 are the most brilliant feats of arms in the Cuban 

 war. He crossed the trocha between Mariel and 

 Majana once again to join Gomez and pilot him in 

 a new invasion of the western provinces. Having 

 only his staff with him. he was surprised and sur- 

 rounded by a large Spanish force and fell fighting, be- 

 trayed to his death, many believed, through the venal 

 treachery of Dr. Zertucha. his chief medical officer. 

 Gen. Weyler returned to Havana to celebrate with 

 public rejoicing the death of the most brilliant and 

 magnetic Cuban general. 



Maceo. .!<<'. a Cuban patriot, born in Santiago 

 de Cuba in is'46 : died at La Lama del Gato, July 

 5. 1896. His father came from Central America 

 when its independence of the Spanish Crown was 

 declared, and when the Cuban insurrection of 1868 

 broke out he advised his sons to remain neutral ; 

 but the murder of one of them by a Spanish officer 

 so exasperated him that he burned the buildings on 

 his plantation and went over to the patriot ranks 

 with his family. Antonio and Jose soon rendered 

 themselves conspicuous. They fought through the 

 war. and Jose signed his brother's protest of Bara- 

 gua, in which they refused to join in the surrender 

 of the patriot force. He planned to surprise and 

 capture Gen. Martinez Campos, but gave up the 

 project when he heard that Antonio had opened 

 negotiations with the captain general. Jose did 

 not follow his brother into exile, but remained in 

 Santiago de Cuba, and was one of the leading spirits 

 of the new insurrection of 1879. lie was taken 

 prisoner and deported to Spain, attempted to es- 

 cape to Gibraltar, was recaptured by the police and 

 sent to the fortress of La Mola, at Mahon. in the 

 Balearic Isles, and finally made his escape from 

 there on a passing schooner, which took him to 

 Algiers. In 1885 he went to Costa Rica, where he 

 lived till the rebellion broke out in Cuba. He im- 

 mediately set out for Cuba, arriving on March 31, 

 is!).-). In a very short time he raised a large force, 

 with which he defeated the Spaniards at Jobito in 

 May. and in September won a signal victory over Col. 

 Caiiellas at Sao del Indio. He was killed in a fierce 

 engagement in which the Spaniards were finally 

 compelled to retreat. 



Macniillun. Alexander, an English publisher, 

 born in Irvine. Ayrshire. Uet. 3. 1818: died in Lon- 

 don. Jan. 25. Isini. He was the son of a poor farm- 

 er, and was brought up to be -a schoolmaster. 

 Through his brother Daniel he got employment in 

 1839 in the bookselling house of Seeley in "London. 



